几个冬小麦品种（系）主要农艺性状配合力与遗传力初探

In order to explore the relationship between combining ability of main agronomic traits ofdifferent varieties of winter wheat and heredity of hybrid offspring,more hybrid combinationswere provided for the selection of parent wheat varieties with good traits for hybrid breeding.Under the guidance of our tutor,we selected five wheat varieties with high yield as the motherplant.The test codes of the five wheat varieties are QM1-7,QM1-9,QM2-1,QM2-3 and QM2-9,which have the characteristics of high yield,high drought resistance and compact plant type,andare the ideal varieties for the mother plant.At the same time,we selected the tobacco farmer 19,lumai 21,tobacco farmer 836,he-mai 17,Ken xing 1 as the father.Using 5 x5 incomplete diallelcross method on winter wheat varieties (lines),a total of 25 hybrid combinations,and the varietiesof wheat cultivars and hybridization of plant height,stronger spikelet,ear grain number and grain,several properties such as yield measurement records,and analysis of the combining ability ofevery agronomic characters,each character of combining ability effect value measurement record.In the parental group,keshang 19,tobacco farmer 19,QM2-9 and QM2-1 were all ideal parentalwheat varieties with relatively good data,which could be observed and cultivated with emphasis.In the hybrid combination,there were four parent combinations(QM2-1 X yanong 19)(QM2-1x ruma21)(QM2-1 x hemai 17)(QM2-1 x kexing-1)that showed the ideal state.Byexploring the combining ability of mother and father and the heredity of traits of hybrid offspring,it has an important role in breeding hybrid varieties of father and mother correctly,improving thebreeding efficiency and saving the time used in breeding.Key words:winter wheat;Agronomic character,Combining ability;heritability1绪论：众所周知，小麦、水稻等作物，在人们的生活中占有了很大的一部分比例，于人们生活的方方面面息息相关，不仅与我们的生活有着紧密联系，其产量与品质更是直接关系到国计民生。农艺性状优良的小麦品种因为产量高，长势好等特点，被人们所喜爱。环境因素和小麦自身的遗传因素，一直不断影响着小麦的产量，也是人们做小麦育种时的主要出发点，因此，从古至今人们一直在对如何拥有更好的小麦品种不断努力。此次试验就是对小麦自身的影响产量的因素进行的研究，也就是小麦农艺性状的配合力和遗传力，通过对二者之间关系的研究，观察杂交后代和亲本各种农艺性状的联系，以及观察不同性状在小麦发育过程中发挥的不同作用，观察每种性状在遗传发育中发挥的作用和遗传力的大小。当提到作物育种时，人们首先想到的是杂种优势和杂交育种，这二者也是十分有效的两种方法和途径叮。在小麦的育种工作中，所选的亲本小麦品种所具有的性状是否优秀，这是关系到杂种后代的品质是否优良的重要问题。要想选育出农艺性状优良的小麦类型，母本和父本不仅要满足性状互补、高品质性状多且易