幼儿园视角下“小学化”倾向归因及改善策略

摘要幼儿园视角下“小学化”倾向归因及改善策略摘要幼儿期是人发展的关键阶段，学前教育是学校教育的奠基阶段。2018年11月，国务院《关于学前教育深化改革规划发展的若干意见》中指出，我国学前教育事业快速发展，但目前学前教育仍是整个教育体系的短板，发展不平衡不充分，问题十分突出，保教质量有待提高，存在“小学化”倾向。文件中指出幼儿园要遵循幼儿身心发展规律，树立科学保教理念，建立良好师幼关系，开展幼儿园“小学化”专项治理行动，坚决克服和纠正“小学化”倾向。虽然，各地如火如茶地开展幼儿园“小学化”专项治理工作，但在一些地区幼儿园“小学化”现象仍在以不同的形式上演着。本文采取文献法、观察法、问卷调查法、访谈法和实物研究法对其“小学化”现状进行调查研究，对其进行综合的分析整合，了解到幼儿园“小学化”现状主要表现为以下三方面：幼儿园环境（室内空间及布置、户外活动空间及布置）的“小学化”：幼儿园课程（目标、内容、实施、评价）的“小学化”：幼儿园管理体制（领导体制、组织机构、规章制度）的“小学化”。在调查中发现造成农村小学附属幼儿园“小学化”的主要原因是受社会环境的影响：家长教育观念的影响；幼儿园幼小衔接误区的影响：师资问题的影响：相关部门监督管理的影响。针对该问题因地制宜地提出合理地解决对策：一、加大宣传力度，普及幼儿教育观念：利用村民委员会宣传，转变偏差的幼儿教育观念：运用媒体宣传，促正确教育观念深入人心：推进幼儿园宣传，强化幼儿教育观念。二、改善办园条件，改进管理体制：改善硬件条件，新建、改建幼儿园：摆脱小学的束缚，建立科学的管理体制。三、做好幼小衔接，开发园本课程：科学做好幼小衔接。四、提高师资质量，增强职业认同感：提高幼儿教师的社会地位：从源头把关，输出优秀师资：完善师资队伍建设：健全教师培训体系。五、加强监管力度，促进幼儿园良性发展：建立以政府为中心的监管体系：加强社会监管，完善舆论监督制度。关键词：幼儿园；小学化；现状调查；解决对策AbstractAbstractEarly childhood is a key stage of human development,and preschool education isthe foundational stage of school education.In November 2018,the State Council's"Several Opinions on the Deepening of Reform,Planning and Development ofPre-school Education"pointed out that my country's pre-school education hasdeveloped rapidly,but at present pre-school education is still a shortcoming of the entireeducation system,the development is unbalanced and insufficient,and the problems arevery prominent.,the quality of education needs to be improved,and there is a tendencyto "primary school".The document points out that kindergartens should follow the lawsof children's physical and mental development,establish a scientific concept ofeducation protection,establish a good relationship between teachers and children,carryout special governance actions for "primary school"in kindergartens,and resolutelyovercome and correct the tendency of "primary school".Although the specialgovernance work of kindergarten "primary school"is in full swing in various places,thephenomenon of "primary school"in some areas is still being staged in different forms.This paper adopts literature method,observation method,questionnaire surveymethod,interview method and physical research method to investigate and research thecurrent situation of "primary school",and conduct a comprehensive analysis andintegration.Aspects:"primary school"of kindergarten environment (indoor space andlayout,outdoor activity space and layout);"primary school"of kindergarten curriculum(target,content,implementation,evaluation);kindergarten management system(leadership system,organizational structure,rules and regulations)system)of "primaryschooling".In the survey,it was found that the main reasons for the"primary-schoolization"of rural primary school affiliated kindergartens were theinfluence of the social environment;the influence of parents'educational concept;theinfluence of the misunderstanding of the connection between kindergartens and theearly childhood;the influence of teachers'problems;the influence of the supervisionand management of relevant departments.In response to this prob