妨害传染病防治罪认定问题的探讨

妨害传染病防治罪认定问题的探讨摘要妨害传染病防治罪是在《中华人民共和国刑法》第330条规定的，相比于其他罪名，它属于一个较为“冷门”的罪名。新冠肺炎疫情爆发后，2020年1月，基于实践中频繁的新冠疫情，国家卫健委明确该病毒隶属于乙类传染病，并且为保证防控疫情的严格性，在防控措施方面采取更加高标准，即甲类传染病的防控举措，实现高效的防控效果。2020年2月6日，为进一步规范实践中新冠病毒防控行为，最高法、最高检、公安部等部门发布了相应文件，即《关于依法惩治妨害新型冠状病毒感染肺炎疫情防控违法犯罪的意见》(以下简称《意见》)，此罪在一定程度上才得以真正适用。2020年年底我国刑法也进行了修正，并且明确了该罪的适用要件，即适用于被国家确定为甲类传染病的疾病以及按照甲类传染病进行防控的传染病，在明确适用要件后能够更好的应对实践中的情况。本文立足于新冠疫情发生的背景，分析了妨害传染病防治罪认定中存在的问题，表现在：犯罪主体是否为一般主体、主观方面是否为故意、成立妨害传染病防治罪是否需要符合“双重前置”、该罪与他罪界定模糊。基于域外传染病防治犯罪规定额有益经验，开展我国相关罪名的优化完善：犯罪主体为一般主体、犯罪主观状态为故意、成立妨害传染病防治罪需要符合“双重前置”、明确妨害传染病防治罪与他罪的界限。关键词：新冠肺炎疫情：妨害传染病防治罪：一般主体；故意：双重前置AbstractIt is a more "cold door"to prevent infectious disease prevention and treatment.After theemergence of new crown pneumonia,January 2020,based on frequent new crown epidemics inpractice,the National Health Jiterary Committee clarified that the virus belonging to the virusinfectious disease,and in order to ensure the stringency of prevention and control,it takes morein terms of prevention and control measures.High standards,namely,prevention and controlinitiatives,high-efficiency prevention and control results.On February 6,2020,in order tofurther standardize the prevention and control behavior,the highest law,the highest inspection,the Ministry of Public Security in the Practice of the Practice,"That is,"That is,"That is,"punishthe new coronavirus infected with pneumonia epidemic prevention and control of illegal crimes.Opinions (hereinafter referred to as "opinions"),this sin is truly applicable to some extent.At theend of 2020,my country's criminal law has also been amended,and the applicable elements ofthe sin are identified,which is applicable to diseases that have been identified as a culturalinfectious disease by the country and infectious diseases prevention and control according to theinfectious diseases.Ability to better deal with the situation in practice.This paper is based on thebackground of new crown epidemic,analyzes the problems in the determination of the defenseof infectious diseases,and is manifested in:whether the criminal subject is a general subject,whether it is intentionally,whether it is necessary to comply with the defense of infectiousdisease prevention?"The crime is blurred with him.Based on the prevention and control ofcrime prevention and control of external infectious diseases,the optimization of my country'srelevant crime is carried out:the crime is the general subject,the subjective state of the criminalis intentionally,the establishment of the prevention and treatment of infectious disease needs tomeet the "double front",clearly immersed infectious disease prevention The boundaries of sinand his crime.Key words:COVID-19 outbreak:Crime of hindering the prevention and control ofinfectious diseases;General subject Deliberately:Double frontI川目录摘要.........IAbstract............II一、探讨妨害传染病防治罪认定问题的意义..·1(一)有利于界定妨害传染病防治行为的性质...·.·.…1(二)有利于助力妨害传染病防治罪发挥更大的法律效用..1二、妨害传染病防治罪认定问题中存在的主要问题....·.1(一)犯罪主体是否为一般主体.......2(二)主观方面是否为故意.……2(三)成立妨害传染病防治罪是否需