房屋租赁合同违约方解除权法律适用问题研究

房屋租赁合同违约方解除权法律适用问题研究摘要合同解除制度是《民法典》合同编重要组成部分，合同解除本质是在合同目的不能实现的时候当事人的一种救济途径。传统合同法认为，合同解除权只属于守约方，违约行为是在我国不被支持并且要受到惩罚的，属于过错方。更不该享有合同解除的权利。但是在在实践中存在部分合同中如果不允许违约方解除合同，对双方都不利。对于合同的解除权的主体问题，我国法律规定的较为模糊。并且在对相关合同解除案例检索后发现，发现对此类案件的裁判依据和裁判结果有很大差异。根据违约方解除权所发挥的作用，这一权利应属于形成权。《民法典》580条第2款规定的解除权，并未明确赋予违约方。房屋租赁合同这一类较为形成合同僵局的合同也没有具体明确的制度进行违约方解除权的指引。依据房屋租赁合同的性质，从立法上应当明确违约方解除合同应当实行司法解除，以确保合同严守和诚实守信原则的遵守。在违约方行使解除权解除房屋租赁合同后的赔偿问题中，也应当相应的更新“空房期”这一概念，将赔偿的损失归置到一个合理的区间。在立法上具体规定后，司法实践也会逐渐归于统一。房屋租赁合同违约解除的制度对于当事人即使合同僵局维护双方利益和维持经济的稳定效率发展有着很大的意义。我国法律应当及时明确该制度适用的标准及后续赔偿规则，使该制度最大程度的发挥其作用关键词：违约方解除权合同僵局公平原则效率违约AbstractA Study on the Expansion of the Subject of Termination Rights underHousing Lease ContractsAbstractThe system of contract termination is an important component of the contractprovisions of the Civil Code,and the essence of contract termination is a remedy forthe parties when the purpose of the contract cannot be achieved.According totraditional contract law,the right to terminate a contract only belongs to the observantparty,and breach of contract is not supported and should be punished in China,belonging to the fault party.We should not have the right to terminate the contract.However,in practice,if the defaulting party is not allowed to terminate the contract insome contracts,it will be detrimental to both parties.Regarding the subject matter ofthe right to terminate a contract,the legal provisions in China are relatively vague.And after searching for relevant contract termination cases,it was found that therewere significant differences in the judgment basis and results for such cases.According to the role played by the defaulting party's right of termination,thisright should belong to the right of formation.The right to terminate as stipulated inArticle 580(2)of the Civil Code is not explicitly granted to the defaulting party.There is no specific and clear system for guiding the defaulting party's right toterminate contracts such as housing lease contracts,which have formed a deadlock inthe contract.According to the nature of the housing lease contract,it should be clearfrom the legislative perspective that the defaulting party should implement judicialtermination when terminating the contract,in order to ensure strict adherence to theprinciples of honesty and trustworthiness in the contract.In the compensation issueafter the defaulting party exercises the right to terminate the lease contract,theconcept of "vacant period"should also be updated accordingly,and the compensationlosses should be classified into a reasonable range.After specific provisions are madein legislation,judicial practice will gradually become unified.The system ofterminating the breach of a housing lease contract is of great significance for bothparties to maintain their interests and maintain stable and efficient economicdevelopment even if the contract is deadlocked.Our country's laws should promptlyclarify the standards applicable to the system and subsequent compensation rules,soas to maxim