基于单片机的智能门禁系统的研究和设计

基于单片机的智能门禁系统的研究和设计作者廖良旺指导教师蒋名权摘要：门禁系统是智能建筑安全体系的关键一环，既管控人员出入权限，又实时监控并记录人员流动，是不可或缺的安全防护手段。然而，射频门禁系统的认证工具易失或损，而指纹系统对环境变化较敏感，两者各有不足。本文对门禁系统的当前研究状况及未来走向进行了概括性的探讨。提出了一种结合RFD与指纹识别的智能门禁方案，采用STM32微控制器作为核心设计。此方案集成了密码、APP、指纹及射频四种解锁方式，以提供多样化的身份验证选择，从而实现门禁系统的多重验证功能。此设计巧妙融合多种技术，有效弥补了传统门禁的安全短板，显著增强了系统的稳定性和防护能力。本文主要内容如下：(1)硬件设计方面，本门禁系统以STM32为核心，集成电源管理、射频识别、指纹识别、键盘输入、声音提示及门控等模块，构建了一个全面的硬件框架。(2)软件设计方面，我们遵循模块化原则，开发了多个核心功能模块。以实现密码、指纹、刷卡、APP四种开锁方式，并可以对密码进行更改，密码正确时会驱动电控锁进行开门，错误时会触发报警提示，同时APP对门禁进行实时监控。本系统通过集成各种传感器、通信技术和控制模块，门禁系统实现了四种开锁方式，并实时监控门禁的智能化管理。它不仅能够提高安全防范能力、提升出入便利性，还能够增强管理效率、促进节能减排和智能化发展。关键词：STM32:APP控制：RFID:指纹识别Research and Design of Intelligent Access Control SystemBased on MCUAuthor:Liao Liang WangInstructor:Jiang Ming QuanAbstract:Access control system is a key part of intelligent building security system.Itnot only controls access rights of personnel,but also monitors and records personnel flow inreal time.However,the authentication tool of RF access control system is easy to lose or lose,while the fingerprint system is more sensitive to environmental changes.In this paper,accesscontrol system of the current research status and the future trend of a general discussion.Inthis paper,an intelligent access control scheme combining RFID and fingerprint identificationis proposed,which adopts STM32 microcontroller as the core design.This scheme integratespassword,APP,fingerprint and RF to provide a variety of authentication options,thusrealizing multiple authentication functions of access control system.This design skillfullyintegrates a variety of technologies,effectively make up for the security shortcomings of thetraditional entrance guard,significantly enhance the stability of the system and the ability toprotect.The following is an overview of the main design:In hardware design,STM32 is the core of the access control system,which integratespower management,RFID,fingerprint identification,keyboard input,voice prompt and gatecontrol modules to build a comprehensive hardware framework.At the software level,we follow the principle of modularization and develop severalcore functional modules.The lock can be unlocked by password,Fingerprint,Swipe card andAPP,and the password can be changed.When the password is correct,it will drive theelectronic control lock to open the door,and when it is wrong,it will trigger an alarm,at thesame time APP access to real-time monitoring.By integrating all kinds of sensors,communication technology and control modules,thesystem realizes four kinds of lock-unlocking methods,and monitors the intelligentmanagement of the entrance guard in real time.It can not only improve the security andprevention ability,improve access convenience,but also enhance management efficiency,Ipromote energy conservation and emission reduction and intelligent development.Keywords:STM32;APP Control;RFID;Fingerprint recognitionⅢ目录第1章绪论…1.1研究背景1.2国内外研究现状1.3本课题研究的主要内容和结构2第2章系统方案设计32.1设计要求.32.2系统方案2.2.1系统方案1.32.2.2系统方案2.32.2.3方案分析与选择.42.3系统总体设计.42.4系统工作原理2.5相关技术