食品安全犯罪刑法规制研究

摘要食品安全是我国稳定和社会稳定的重要因素之一，习近平总书记也多次强调食品安全的重要意义：食品安全与国计民生密切相关，影响着社会的稳定和发展。一直以来，严重损害人民群众生命健康和政府公信力的食品安全领域形势严峻，给我国社会稳定和经济秩序带来极坏影响。通过不断修改与食品安全犯罪相关的法律，加强了对食品安全犯罪的监督和惩戒，同时也进一步划分了监管者的责任和责任，使食品安全监管形成了法制体系。但现行相关法律制度仍不足以对食品安全犯罪起到彻底制止的作用，而刑法对保障食品安全发挥着重要作用因此，完善食品安全犯罪刑法规制的研究应引起重视，并将其作为国家发展的重要工作之一，切实把完善食品安全犯罪刑法规制作为真正实现对食品安全问题的全方位刑事规制，守护我国人民的饮食安全，维护我国食品行业的良性健康发展，通过研究我国食品安全保护领域存在的刑事立法缺陷，借鉴国外相关经验，立足我国国情，进而对其提出合理建议。本研究系统考察了国内外关于食品安全犯罪刑法规制的研究动态，首先对食品安全及食品安全犯罪的概念界定、基本特征和社会危害性进行理论阐释。在此基础上，从四个维度深入论证我国食品安全领域刑法规制的必要性与重要性：一是民事行政法律规制的局限性，二是风险社会背景下食品安全面临的新挑战，三是落实国家食品安全战略的法治要求，四是刑法特有的严厉强制性和最后保障功能。基于上述理论分析，进一步剖析我国食品安全犯罪刑法规制的现状，揭示当前立法体系存在的主要问题，包括食品安全犯罪过失犯的立法缺失，以及犯罪类型划分不够精确等结构性缺陷。针对这些问题，最终提出具有可操作性的完善建议：一方面应当重新调整刑法归属定位，优化食品安全犯罪的刑事立法体系：另一方面建议在刑法第143条、第144条中增设过失犯罪罪状，以构建更加科学、完备的食品安全犯罪罪名体系。关键词：食品安全：犯罪：刑法规制：过失犯ABSTRACTChina's food safety situation remains challenging,with recurring high-profile incidents thathave sparked significant public concern.These cases not only jeopardize public health and safetybut also undermine government credibility,posing serious threats to social stability andeconomic order.To address these issues,China has continuously refined its legal frameworkgoverning food safety violations.Legislative amendments have enhanced regulatory oversightand penalties,while clarifying supervisory responsibilities,thereby establishing a more robustlegal system for food safety governance.Nevertheless,persistent food safety scandals continueto trigger public anxiety,revealing gaps in the existing legal mechanisms to fully deter suchoffenses.As the most stringent form of legal deterrence,criminal punishment plays a pivotal rolein safeguarding food safety.Given its critical function,strengthening criminal law regulation offood safety violations should be prioritized as a key national development objective.This article,by studying the criminal legislative deficiencies in the field of food safety protection in ourcountry,drawing on foreign experience,and based on China's national conditions,puts forwardreasonable suggestions to truly achieve comprehensive criminal regulation of food safety issues,safeguard the dietary safety of the Chinese people,ensure social harmony and stability,andmaintain the healthy and sound development of the food industry and economic order in ourcountry.This research systematically examines the research dynamics of the criminal regulation offood safety crimes both domestically and internationally.It first theoretically elucidates thedefinitions,fundamental characteristics,and social harm of food safety and food safety crimes.On this basis,it deeply argues for the necessity and importance of criminal regulation in the fieldof food safety in China from four dimensions:first,the limitations of civil and administrativelegal regulations;second,the new challenges faced by food safety in the context of a risk society;third,the legal requirements for implementing the national food safety strategy;and fourth,theunique severity and final guarantee function of crimi