小学生心理健康与孤独感的研究

小学生心理建康与孤独感的关系研究以张家口地区为例摘要孤独是当人们感到与外界隔绝或被外界排斥时，就会出现的一种心理问题。儿童的孤独感表现也非常明显，话少内向，长时间的孤独感不仅会损害儿童心理健康，也和我国教育目的明显相悖。本研究以张家口地区小学为例，研究心理健康状况和孤独感的关联，了解张家口地区小学生心理健康情况，分析并讨论小学生孤独感的影响因素，提出相对应的对策，用以改善小学生心理健康。本实验采取随机抽样法，从河北省张家口市某小学随机抽取165人，发放165份问卷，回收问卷150份，用来分析调查张家口小学生心理健康和孤独感的现状。使用SPSS对问卷数据进行描述性分析、单因素方差分析和相关性分析，结果呈现小学生在心理健康和孤独感上存在显著相关，并且呈显著正相关。孤独感的缓解是改善小学生心理健康的重要部分，也是学生们在成长过程中常见的问题。家庭、社会和学校都应该对此给予重视，建立起一个温馨、友善的环境，并且合力研究对策，共同解决问题，重视小学生们的感情方面的需求，帮助其建立合理的的社交关系。三方合力的情况下再辅助科技的手段，帮助孩子们拓展社交，以保证孩子们的健康快乐成长。关键词：孤独感：心理健康：小学生；对策ABSTRACTLoneliness is a closed psychological state that arises from feeling isolated or excluded fromthe outside world.Generally speaking,brief or occasional feelings of loneliness in children donot cause psychological and behavioral disorders,but long-term or severe feelings of lonelinesscan lead to certain emotional disorders and lower levels of mental health.Children's sense ofloneliness is also very obvious,speaking less and introverted,and they like to stay alone in thecrowd.Long term loneliness not only damages children's mental health,but also contradicts theeducational goals of our country.This study takes primary schools in Zhangjiakou area as anexample to investigate the correlation between psychological health status and loneliness,understand the psychological health status of primary school students in Zhangjiakou area,analyze and explore the factors that affect their loneliness,and propose countermeasures to helpthem grow psychologically healthy.This experiment adopts a random sampling method.165people were randomly selected from a primary school in Zhangjiakou City,Hebei Province,and165 questionnaires were distributed.150 questionnaires were collected to investigate the currentstatus of psychological health and loneliness among primary school students.The results showed a significant positive correlation between mental health and lonelinessamong primary school students.The relief of loneliness is an important part of improving themental health of primary school students,and it is also a common problem in their growthprocess.Families,society,and schools should all attach importance to this,establish a warm andfriendly environment,and work together to study countermeasures,jointly solve problems,payattention to children's emotional needs,and establish healthy social relationships.With the jointefforts of three parties and the assistance of technology,children can expand their social skills toensure their healthy and happy growth.Key words:Loneliness;Psychological health;Pupil;Counter-measuren目录第1章背景和意义1.1背景.…1.2孤独感的危害1.3意义…第2章文献综述….32.1概念界定.32.1.1孤独感..32.1.2心理健康.32.2国内外研究综述…32.2.1心理健康与孤独感研究的历史发展.….32.2.2心理健康和孤独感研究的主要理论.42.2.3心理健康和孤独感研究的现状与问题…4第3章研究过程.53.1对象与方法…53.1.1对象.53.1.2方法.53.2调查过程及结果..53.2.1基本信息…53.2.2小学生心理健康问题情况53.2.3小学生孤独感情况.63.2.4相关性分析.4.63.2.5单因素方差分析.7第4章解决对策.84.1国家加大重视程度..84.2建立和谐的家庭氛围.84.3创建包容与支持的社会环境8参考文献.9致谢.10附录.11Ⅲ附录A调查问卷附录B调查问卷14IV