基于区块链的小微企业信用评价机制研究

基于区块链的小微企业信用评价机制研究摘要截止到2020年的数据，小微企业的总数已经占据我国企业总数的85%左右，占据政府税收的一半以上，从科技创新层面，专利数量占据总数的70%以上，国内生产总值贡献度高达80%。但是，“融资难，融资贵”一直对小微企业的发展产生着困扰。从商业银行的角度出发，小微企业信贷具有成本高，风险大，但利用普惠金融政策帮扶小微企业发展，是商业银行响应国家政策的战略选择。本文通过利用层次分析法，结合了新兴的区块链技术的同时，在评价体系当中设计了以区块链技术为核心的信用评价因素以及评价指标，并通过对评价指标的权重进行计算，设计出符合我国商业银行以及我国小微企业的实际发展状况的评价体系。本文结合区块链技术建立了等7个方面、26个风险影响因子的小微企业信用风险评估指标体系，找出了主要风险影响因素，就可依据借款企业综合状况对照评估体系涵盖的指标进行打分，打分结果与目标层各指标权重相乘，对相乘后的计算结果求和，即可计算出借款企业的风险评估值。评价模型是一种对借贷企业进行风险评价的工具，在现有的商业银行的信贷管理办法中，引入信贷评价模型，并为贯穿整个信贷流程，可以监控小微企业的信贷风险，优化改进小微企业信贷风险管理。关键词：小微企业；区块链：层次分析法1基于区块链的小微企业信用评价机制研究AbstractAs of 2020,the total number of small and micro enterprises has accounted forabout 85%of the total number of enterprises in China,accounting for more than halfof government taxes.From the perspective of scientific and technological innovation,the number of patents accounts for more than 70%of the total,and the contribution ofGDP is as high as 80%.However,"financing is difficult and expensive"has beenperplexing the development of small and micro enterprises.From the perspective ofcommercial banks,small and micro enterprise credit has high cost and high risk.However,using inclusive financial policies to help the development of small andmicro enterprises is a strategic choice for commercial banks to respond to nationalpolicies.By using the analytic hierarchy process and combining the emerging blockchaintechnology,this paper designs the credit evaluation factors and evaluation indicatorswith blockchain technology as the core in the evaluation system,and calculates theweight of the evaluation indicators to design an evaluation system in line with theactual development of China's commercial banks and small and micro enterprises.Combined with blockchain technology,this paper establishes a credit risk evaluationindex system of small and micro enterprises with 7 aspects and 26 risk influencingfactors,finds out the main risk influencing factors,and can score according to thecomprehensive situation of the borrowing enterprise against the indexes covered bythe evaluation system.The scoring result is multiplied by the weight of each index ofthe target layer,and the multiplied calculation result is summed,The risk assessmentvalue of the borrowing enterprise can be calculated.Evaluation model is a tool forrisk evaluation of lending enterprises.In the existing credit management methods ofcommercial banks,credit evaluation model is introduced.In order to run through thewhole credit process,it can monitor the credit risk of small and micro enterprises andoptimize and improve the credit risk management of small and micro enterprises.Key words:Small and micro enterprises;Blockchain;Analytic hierarchyprocess