城市社区居家养老服务存在的问题与对策研究——基于S市的调查分析

摘要随着近些年我国老龄化程度不断加深，人们对于“老有所养”的问题关注度日益加强。然而，虽然国家和社会对于养老的建设投入逐年加强，但是目前我国的养老资源并不充足，仍有很大的缺口。大部分老年人在养老院“一床难求”的背景下，更倾向于选择居家养老的养老方式。但是，居家养老同样面临老年人因为健康问题、活动能力和年龄代沟等现状，导致目前居家养老质量较低等问题。然而，社区居家养老是一种融合了养老院和传统居家养老优点的新型养老方式，旨在通过社区这个老年人都熟悉的环境为老年人提供服务。这种模式结合了养老院的专业护理和社交环境，以及传统居家养老的舒适和熟悉感，为老年人提供更全面、更具个性化的养老服务、便利的生活条件以及丰富的精神文化活动，以此来满足老年人生活的各种需要。但是，城市社区居家养老也存在着一系列问题，需要综合考虑社区各方面的因素，如老年人需求层面多、社会养老资源依旧处于匮乏状态、政府和社会组织投资紧缺等问题。基于此，本文以协同治理理论和社区照顾理论为理论基础，通过对S市具有代表性的几个社区进行调研，以各社区居家养老的老年人为调研对象，对S市养老服务现状包括政府政策制定方面、社区服务提供方面和服务的对象等方面进行了综合研究。本文在对S市社区居家养老基本情况进行了实地调研的基础上，基于现状发现了相关问题，并对政府、社区、目标群体、服务环境和社会资源五个方面提出了相应的对策，以期助力城市居家养老服务事业。关键词：社区居家养老：老龄化：养老服务：协同治理ABSTRACTWith the deepening of China's aging degree in recent years,people are payingmore and more attention to the issue of "supporting the elderly".However,althoughthe national and social investment in the construction of pension is increasing year byyear,but China's pension resources are not sufficient,there is still a big gap.Underthe background of "one bed is hard to find"in nursing homes,most elderly people aremore inclined to choose the home care mode.However,home care is also faced withthe current situation of health problems,mobility and age generation gap of theelderly,resulting in the low quality of home care.However,community home care is a new type of care that integrates theadvantages of nursing home and traditional home care,aiming to provide services forthe elderly through the community,an environment that the elderly are familiar with.This model combines the professional nursing and social environment of the nursinghome,as well as the comfort and familiarity of the traditional home care,and providesthe elderly with more comprehensive elderly care services,convenient livingconditions and rich spiritual and cultural activities,so as to meet the various needs ofthe elderly.However,there are also a series of problems in home care in urbancommunities,which need to comprehensively consider all aspects of the communityfactors,such as the needs of the elderly,the lack of social pension resources,and theshortage of investment by the government and organizations.Based on this,this paperto collaborative governance theory and community care theory as the theoretical basis,through the representative of S city several community research,in the communityhome endowment of the elderly as the research object,the S city endowment servicestatus including government policy making,community service provision and serviceobject has carried on the comprehensive research.On the basis of the field research onthe basic situation of community home care in S city,this paper finds relevantproblems based on the current situation,and puts forward correspondingcountermeasures for the five aspects of government,community,target group,serviceenvironment and social resources,in order to help the urban home care service.Key words:community home care care;aging;elderly care service;collaborativegovernance目录第1章绪论….11.1研究背景..........1.1.1老龄化程度日趋严重，养老问题刻不容