“美好生活”的历史唯物主义研究——基于《德意志意识形态》的视域

“美好生活”的历史唯物主义研究一一基于《德意志意识形态》的视域摘要党的十九大报告指出，我国社会的主要矛盾已经转化为人民日益增长的美好生活需要同不平衡不充分的发展之间的矛盾。社会主要矛盾转化后，如何合理运用马克思与恩格斯的经典文本对新时代的“美好生活”问题进行理论解读，成为当前马克思主义理论发展的新诉求，也是建设新时代中国特色社会主义事业的现实需要。其中，《德意志意识形态》所体现的以物质生产为核心的历史唯物主义分析框架，有助于我们去更好理解什么是新时代下人民真正需要的“美好生活”，并进一步思考我们如何通过实践来创造自己的“美好生活”。基于《德意志意识形态》中的历史唯物主义框架，人民的“美好生活”在不同的理论维度中具有不同的价值内涵。在“广义历史唯物主义”视域中的广义美好生活观，指的是人民实现美好生活所需要的一般基础和物质动力，放在新时代背景下即是始终坚持解放和发展社会生产力。在“狭义历史唯物主义”视域中的狭义美好生活观，是通过批判资本主义生产方式下，因分工导致的人类反被资本操控的异化现象，进而找到人民实现美好生活的现实路径，即以人民为中心的中国特色社会主义发展道路。在“世界历史”理论维度下的美好生活，指的是全世界各族人民之间的联系日渐紧密，商业贸易和人文交流日趋频繁，任何国家都无法撇开他国来单谈本国人民美好生活的实现。在当前中国特色社会主义新的历史方位下，新时代美好生活观作为历史唯物主义理论在中国的印证与发展，它与主要矛盾转化、五位一体总体布局和人类命运共同体等重大决策的部署之间，具有不可分割的紧密联系性。关键词美好生活：历史唯物主义：世界历史：《德意志意识形态》(C)1994-2021 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House.All rights reserved.http://www.cnki.netHistorical Materialism Research of the Good Life-Based on the Vision of German IdeologyAbstractAccording to the report to the 19th national congress of the communist party of China(CPC),the principal contradiction in Chinese society has been the contradiction betweenunbalanced and inadequate development and the people's ever-growing needs for a better life.After the transformation of the principal social contradiction,how to rationally use the classictexts of Marx and Engels to carry out theoretical interpretation of the "good life"in the new erahas become a new demand for the development of the current marxist theory and a realistic needfor the cause of building socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era.Among them,theanalytical framework of historical materialism with material production as the core embodied inthe German ideology helps us to better understand what the "good life"that the people reallyneed in the new era is,and further think about how we can create our own "good life"throughpractice.Based on the framework of historical materialism in the German ideology,the people's"good life"has different specific connotations in different theoretical dimensions.In theperspective of "broad sense of historical materialism",the broad view of good life refers to thegeneral basis and material motive force that the people need to realize a good life.In theperspective of "narrow sense of historical materialism",the concept of good life in the narrowsense refers to the alienation phenomenon of human being being controlled by capital caused bydivision of labor under the criticism of capitalist mode of production,so as to find the realisticpath for people to realize a better life,that is,the development path of socialism with Chinesecharacteristics with people as the center.The "good life"in the theoretical dimension of"worldhistory"refers to the fact that the people of all ethnic groups in the world are increasinglyconnected with each other,and the commercial trade and cultural exchanges are increasinglyfrequent.Under the new historical juncture of socialism with Chinese characteristics,the conceptof good life in the new era,as the verification and development o