三权分置下宅基地使用权的法律分析

摘要三权分置是一项我国特有的土地政策，为了促进土地的合理利用，2018年国务院发布了《中共中央国务院关于实施乡村振兴战略的意见》提出探索宅基地“所有权”、“资格权”、“使用权”三权分置的政策。“三权分置”制度中，宅基地使用权较之前的土地政策更加灵活，但目前依旧面临许多的法律问题。亟需探究出相应对策，让三权分置政策继续维持宅基地制度的社会保障性的充分同时开发宅基地的经济属性：“十四五”规划纲要第七篇提出：依法有偿收回的闲置宅基地并将其转化为集体经营建设用地入市：放活农村宅基地、激发农村经济内生动力，这一系列动作关乎农民增收，更是乡村振兴政策框架的重要环节。本文以三权分置制度的现实必要性为出发点对三权分置下宅基地使用权的概念、性质、特征、权能进行阐述，分析现有的“三权分置”下宅基地使用权的法律规定、政策制度、司法解释、专业人土意见，汲取经验解决现阶段存在的宅基地利用率低、城乡建设用地不足、隐形流转等问题，完善“三权分置”中宅基地使用权的法律制度，关键在于赋权阔能，放活宅基地使用权，增强私法属性同时加强监管。通过对宅基地制度的法律分析和体系构建，实现农户利益保障、盘活宅基地、最后实现乡村振兴。关键词：宅基地使用权：收益权能：流转：有偿退出：政府监管ABSTRACTThe separation of the three volumes is the chinese high oil land policy.In order to make effectiveuse of the development of the land economy,the Council of State announced the views of theCentral Committee and the Council of State on the implementation of the rural activity strategyin 2018.which proposed to explore the policy of separating the three rights of "ownership","qualification right"and "use right"of homestead sites.The system of "separation of three rights"is more flexible than the original system of "separation of two rights",but it still faces manylegal problems.There is an urgent need to explore strategies to maintain the social security of theproperty system and to develop the economic ownership of the farm through the policy oftransferring the separation of the three rights.The seventh part of the 14th Five-Year Sketch Planhighlights the importance of homestead recovered with compensation in accordance with the lawwill be converted into construction land for collective management and put into the market.Toactivate rural homestead and stimulate the endogenous impetus of rural economy is an importantlink in the policy framework of rural revitalization.Based on the practical necessity of theseparation of the three rights system,this paper elaborates the concept,nature,characteristics andpowers of the right to use the homestead,and analyzes the relevant legal provisions,judicialinterpretations and professional opinions of the specific system of the right to use the homesteadunder the separation of the three rights system.To solve the existing problems of low utilizationrate of homestead land,lack of urban and rural construction land,hidden circulation,andimprove the legal system of the right to use homestead in the "separation of the three rights",thekey is to give more power,activate the right to use homestead,strengthen the property of privatelaw and strengthen supervision.Through the legal analysis and system construction of thehomestead system,the interests of farmers are guaranteed,the homestead is revitalized and therural revitalization is finally realizedKey words:separation of three powers;profit of use the homestead;Transferring of the rightto use the homestead目录第1章引言.1.1研究的背景和意义.....1.2文献综述1.3研究内容...…21.4研究方法.…第2章三权分置下宅基地使用权的概述.32.1三权分置下宅基地使用权的内涵22.1.1宅基地使用权的概念...32.1.2宅基地使用权的权能....·2.2三权分置下宅基地使用权的特征42.3宅基地使用权的政策演变....第3章三权分置下宅基地使用权需要面对的问题.53.1宅基地利用率低下和城乡建设用地不足.白3.2宅基地收益权能缺失......53.3宅基地使用权放活的交易环境有待