基于“宏观辨识与微观探析”的化学教学实践研究-以“元素及其化合物”为例

摘要《化学课程标准》(2017版)系统地阐述了化学核心素养应包括的五个方面。本文以“宏观识识与微观探析”为研究对象，为研究其他核心素养奠定了基础。着重从宏观现象中识别出特定物质，从微观角度对物质展开探析和分析，对物质的性质展开认知，进而构建出“物质、结构和性质”三个方面的联系，这在化学学科核心素养中有着无可取代的地位。本论文拟以元素及其化合物作为教学载体，开展相关的教学设计，同时，在此基础上，以提升学生的核心素质为目标，给出了一套行之有效的教育策略，为高中阶段进行“宏观辨识与微观探析”的教育培养，提供了一定的参考。本文通过查阅大量文献，对文献进行分析、阅读，对本研究的研究目的和研究意义、国内外研究现状、研究内容和研究方法有了一定的认识，掌握了课题的相关理论知识并提出中学化学教学设计案例，主要选择钠及其化合物、氯及其化合物、铁及其化合物、乙醇为例进行教学设计，最后得出结论：基于“宏观辨识与微观探析”的教学设计能够培养学生的学习兴趣，促进综合素养提升：能够提高教学效果；能够提升教师教学水平，促进自身素质的发展。关键词：宏观辨识与微观探析：核心素养：高中化学：元素及其化合物Abstract"Chemistry Curriculum Standards"(2017 edition)systematically discusses the fiveaspects of the core quality of chemistry.This paper mainly carries out research from thedimension of "macroscopic identification and microscopic analysis",laying a foundation forother core qualities.It focuses on identifying specific substances from macroscopicphenomena,analyzing and analyzing substances from microscopic perspective,andunderstanding the properties of substances,so as to construct the connection between thethree aspects of "substance,structure and property",which has an irreplaceable position in thecore accomplishment of chemistry discipline.This paper intends to use elements and theircompounds as teaching carriers to carry out relevant teaching design,and to propose effectiveteaching strategies for improving students'core literacy,so as to provide references for theteaching training of "macroscopic identification and microscopic analysis"for high schoolstudents.This article analyzes and reads a large amount of literature to understand the researchpurpose and significance of the topic,the current research status at home and abroad,theresearch content and methods.It has mastered the relevant theoretical knowledge of the topicand proposed teaching design cases for middle school chemistry.The main examples ofteaching design are sodium and its compounds,chlorine and its compounds,iron and itscompounds,and ethanol.Finally,the conclusion is drawn.Keywords:Macro identification and micro analysis;Core literacy;High school chemical;elements and compounds目录摘要Abstract.......I第1章绪论1.1选题的目的和意义1.1.1选题的目的1.1.2选题的意义1.2国内外研究现状1.2.1国内研究现状1.2.2国外研究现状21.3研究内容及方法..31.3.1研究内容.…31.3.2研究方法.3第2章相关概念界定及理论基础2.1相关概念界定…52.1.1核心素养.….52.1.2化学核心素养…52.1.3宏观辨识与微观探析.52.2理论基础.62.2.1建构主义理论.62.2.2最近发展区理论….62.2.3STSE教育理论.7第3章基于“宏观辨识与微观探析的中学化学教学设计案例.83.1《钠及其化合物》.83.2《氯及其化合物》.133.3《铁的重要化合物》.183.4《乙醇》21结论.…26参考文献27致谢.29