失信联合惩戒行政法规制的完善路径

中文摘要近年来，我国社会信用体系建设在诸多方面取得了显著进步。在该体系中，失信联合惩戒是其重要的内容之一，所谓失信联合惩戒，指的是行政部门依照信用管理法，针对于违法行为进行记录并予以警告，基于市场经济环境，如果出现了违反相关规定的行为，需要对其做出惩罚。其目的是促进政府各部门相关执法和惩戒资源的汇总、共享和重新配置，以此来缓解单个部门监管无法对规制对象产生足够合规惩戒的问题。随着国家政策的层层递进，“放管服”改革的逐步深入，失信联合惩戒作为加强事中、事后监管手段出现并被广泛运用。失信联合惩戒机制作为行政监管的新方式，已经成为了政府发挥宏观调控经济管理职能，创造公正市场竞争环境的重要手段，执法部门普遍反映其“好用”“管用”。联合惩戒合作机制分为三种，为更好发挥其作为新型监管手段的规制作用，对联合惩戒合作机制进行法律控制势在必行。在该机制的实践运作中，存在行政机关的惩戒裁量权过度行使，惩戒权被滥用的现象，违反了惩戒裁量原则、禁止不当联结原则等。这不仅制约这一制度的长远发展，而且会影响信用规制的整体效果，阻滞诚信社会建设目标的实现，需要引起高度关注。联合惩戒权力的来源在学界有一定争议，应明确权力来源，使其在行政法制框架下有效运行：第一，设置相关规则时，行政部门应坚持依法行政原则，对自由裁量权加以限制，并采取相关措施对相对人权益加以保障。第二，联合惩戒中的部分法律规范与行政法基本原则不符：作为新兴手段，联合惩戒权力应该同行政法的基本原则相统一，坚持用行政法基本原则规制失信联合惩戒。再次，为了遏制公权、保护私益，防止行政机关一味追求威慑力、施行效果、执法效率而扩大甚至滥用惩戒权，应加强行政法对失信联合惩戒的程序性设置，完善行政法对失信联合惩戒的权利教济规定。将提出问题、分析问题与解决问题相结合，行政法基本原理与中国实践相结合，对政府运用信用这一工具进行创新社会治理以实现社会管理的目标这一行为进行详细探究。从实践中发现问题、提出问题，分析其中出现问题的原因，并通过理论上的分析对如何进行规制提出可行的解决方案，既有理论意义又有实践价值。关键词：失信联合惩戒行政法法律规制裁量权程序救济AbstractIn recent years,the construction of social credit system in China has made remarkable progress in many aspects.The important part of the combined punishment of breach of faith in the construction of the social credit system means that the administrative subject is based on the relevant laws and regulations of credit management.the administrative supervision measures such as recording,warning,restricting qualification and canceling market access are taken to punish the subjects who violate the relevant laws and regulations of credit management under the background of market economy.Its purpose is to promote the collection,sharing and reallocation of relevant law enforcement and disciplinary resources of various government departments,so as to alleviate the problem that the supervision of a single department can not produce sufficient compliance punishment forthe regulatory object.With the gradual development of national policy and the gradualdeepening of the reform of"release management and service",the combined punishment of breach of faith appears and is widely used as a means of strengthening supervision during and after the event.As a new way of administrative supervision,the joint punishment mechanism for breach of faith has become an important means for the government to give full play to the function of macro-control and economic management and to create a fair market competition environment.Law enforcement departments generally reflect that it is "easy to use"and "effective".The joint disciplinary cooperation mechanism isdivided into three types.In order to give better play to its regulatory role as a new regulatory means,it is imperative to control the joint disciplinary cooperation mechanism bylaw.In the practical operation of this mechanism,there exists the phenomenon of excessive exercise of disciplinary discretion of administrative organs,abuse of disciplinary power,violation of the principle of disciplinary discretion,prohibition of improper connection and so on.This not only restricts the long-term development of this system,but alsoaffects t