政府补助、融资约束与企业技术创新一基于新能源企业的实证研究摘要随着全球经济格局的调整和经济增长方式的转变,我国经济的发展也受到了新的挑战。在全球贸易战的阴影还没褪去的后疫情时代,使我们越来越意识到技术创新对国家、企业的意义。近几年西方对我国科技企业的卡脖子更是说明我国自主创新的紧迫性。在传统能源技术方面我国与西方相比缺乏优势,并且以传统能源为主导的经济经济增长方式容易带来资源结构不合理、生态建设失衡等问题,不利于经济的进一步发展。作为对传统能源的有效替代,新能源迎合了时代的需求,符合社会经济的发展和生态建设的需要,新能源行业已成为我国企业实现弯道超车重要赛道,受到了社会资本的追捧和政府政策的大力支持。新能源在政策的支持下得到了迅速发展,但产业的发展最终需要借助企业为载体,创新也需要企业来完成,由于创新活动的复杂性和特殊性,创新研发活动是一项投资周期长、需要大量资金支持且具有高风险的活动,对于大多数企业来说,企业自有资金金额一般不充沛,加上创新活动中可能出现的风险不确定、知识产权成果泄密以及资金供需方信息不对称等问题,大多数企业创新研发活动都面临融资约束的难题,对于这些新能源企业来说,如何缓解面临的融资约束问题、提高企业研发投入、促进创新水平的提高是亟需解决的现实问题。企业融资问题关系企业的长久发展,当资金成为制约企业创新活动的重要因素时,政府补助在新能源行业的企业中占有很重要的地位。政府补助能够在一定程度上缓解新能源企业融资约束的问题,同时也会向市场传递积极的信号从而拓宽企业的融资渠道,最终解决新能源企业的融资难题,促进研发的投入和技术创新。本文结合我国新能源行业的发展背景,总结国内外现有的研究成果,以信息不对称理论、委托代理理论、市场失灵理论和信号传递理论等理论为基础,提出研究假设,以2015-2019年数据为基础从描述性统计、相关性分析、回归分析及稳定性检验等方面进行实证分析,分析了在政府补助作用机制下融资约束与企业创新之间的关系,通过分析得出以下结论:(1)融资约束与企业创新之间负相关:非国有企业相对于国有企业,融资约束与企业创新之间变动的敏感关系更加显著。(2)政府补助对企业创新有正向影响:相较于国有企业,民营企业中政府补助与企业创新之间的正向关系较弱。(3)政府补助能够缓解新能源企业的融资约束:民营企业相较于国有企业,政府补助对融资约束与研发投入强度之间的负向关系的促进作用更加明显。结合实证分析的结果针对不同的主体如何缓解我国新能源企业融资约束难题提出合理的建议,以期通过这些措施解决我国新能源企业当前难题,提升研发投入,提高整体创新水平,促进我国新能源企业健康持续地发展。关键词:政府补助;融资约束:技术创新:新能源企业ABSTRACTWith the adjustment of the global economic structure and the transformation ofeconomic growth mode,our country's economic development has also beenchallenged.In the post-pandemic era when the shadow of the global trade war has notfaded,we have become more and more aware of the significance of technologicalinnovation to countries and enterprises.In recent years,the West's choking on ourcountry's science and technology companies even illustrates the urgency of ourcountry's independent innovation.In terms of traditional energy technology,compared with the West our country lacks the advantage,and the economic growthmode dominated by traditional energy is prone to problems such as irrational resourcestructure and unbalanced ecological construction,which is not conducive to thefurther development of the economy.As an effective alternative to new energy,newenergy meets the needs of the times and meets the needs of social and economicdevelopment and ecological construction.The new energy industry has become animportant track for Chinese enterprises to achieve corner overtaking,and has beensought after by social capital and the government strong policy support.New energy has been developed rapidly under the support of policies,but thedevelopment of the industry requires the use of enterprises as carriers ultimately,andinnovation also requires enterprises to complete.Due to the complexity andparticularity of innovation activities,innovative R&D activities are required to input along-term investment cycle.Activities that require a large amount of financial supportand have high risks.For most companies,the amount of their own funds is generallynot sufficient,also most corporate innovation R&D activities are faced with financingconstraints in the innovative activities because of the uncertain risks,the leakage ofintellectual property resul
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