10t-19.5m桥式起重机小车机械及电控系统设计

摘要本次设计简要介绍了桥式起重机的发展背景、关键技术并对桥式起重机小车运行机构、起升机构及其电控系统进行设计。首先根据要求确定了小车机械及其电控系统的设计方案，之后在机械构造方面参考了相关资料对起重机起升机构和小车运行机构进行具体计算并进行校核，在电控系统方面参考了西门子、三菱等相关优秀产品的设计方案对电控设备进行选型及设计。在桥式起重机的起升机构设计中，本设计从起升机构的设计方案展开，之后完成了钢丝绳的选取及校核、卷简选定、电机、减速器和制动器的选取并对相关构件进行了校核。在小车运行机构设计中对动机、减速器、制动器和联轴器等部件进行选择并按相应工况校核各部件选择是否合理，并对运行阻力和轮压进行计算，最后进行强度验算。最后在小车控制系统设计中，把可编程序控制器和变频器应用于桥式起重机控制系统上，实现起重机电机速度的调节，并分别设计了小车运行机构和起升机构的控制电路。其中PLC系统选用西门子公司生产的S7-200系列的PLC,变频器选用三菱公司生产的FR-F500。关键词：桥式起重机；起升机构；小车运行结构；可编程控制器AbstractThis design briefly introduces the development background and key technologiesof bridge cranes,and designs the trolley running mechanism,lifting mechanism,andelectrical control system of bridge cranes.Firstly,the design scheme of the trolleymachinery and its electrical control system was determined according to therequirements.Then,in terms of mechanical structure,relevant materials were referredto for specific calculations and verification of the crane lifting mechanism and trolleyrunning mechanism.In terms of electrical control system,the design schemes ofexcellent products such as Siemens and Mitsubishi were referred to for the selectionand design of electrical control equipment.Firstly,in the design of the lifting mechanism of the bridge crane,this designstarts with the design scheme of the lifting mechanism,and then completes theselection and verification of the steel wire rope,the selection of the drum,theselection of the motor,reducer,and brake,and checks the relevant components.In thedesign of the small car running mechanism,select the components such as the motor,reducer,brake,and coupling,and verify the rationality of each component selectionaccording to the corresponding working conditions.Calculate the running resistanceand wheel pressure,and finally perform strength verification.Finally,in the design ofthe trolley control system,the programmable controller and frequency converter wereapplied to the bridge crane control system to achieve the adjustment of the cranemotor speed,and the control circuits for the trolley running mechanism and liftingmechanism were designed separately.The PLC system uses the S7-200 series PLCproduced by Siemens,and the frequency converter uses the FR-F500 produced byMitsubishi.Key words:Bridge crane;Hoisting mechanism;Trolley operating structure;Programmable controller目录1绪论1.1桥式起重机国内外技术背景1.2桥式起重机发展概述1.2.1起重机技术研究现状1.2.2研究现状总结21.3本次设计主要内容….22起升机构的计算..42.1确定起升机构传动方案….42.2钢丝绳的选择.42.3确定滑轮主要尺寸..--.-------------------------.--------------62.4确定卷简尺寸并验算强度2.5根据静功率初选电动机.82.6减速器的选择..82.7验算起升速度和实际功率.92.8校核减速器输出轴强度.…92.9制动器的选择102.10联轴器的选择.102.11启动时间与制动时间的验算..113小车运行机构的设计计算143.1确定小车运行机构的传动方案.143.2选择车轮与轨道并验算强度。.143.3运行阻力计算163.4选电动机.…。.173.5验算电动机发热条件.183.6选择减速器183.7验算运行速度和实际所需功率183.8验算起动时间…1939按起动工况校核减速器功率.203.10验算起动不打滑条件.213.11选择制动器.213.12选择高速轴联轴器及制动轮.223.13选择低速轴联轴器.233.14验算低速浮动轴强度.244控制系统设计..264.1控制系统主要设计思路和方案264.2变频调速系统的设计.274.2.1变频器的选择.…274.2.2变频器主要参数设定294.3可编程控制器的介绍.314.4PLC的选型.324.5PLC输入输出地址的分配.334.6电气控制系统的设计.….364.7PLC程序设计..39结束语42参考文献.................