生态环境损害赔偿金制度研究

目录目录摘要.llAbstract..l引言..1一生态环境损害赔偿金概念阐释…1(一)生态环境损害阐释….11.生态环境损害内涵阐释..12.生态环境损害与环境损害23.准确选择运用具体送达技术2(二)生态环境损害赔偿金阐释….31.生态环境损害赔偿金定义界定.444n44411111414144444114141414432.生态环境损害赔偿金特征.43.生态环境损害赔偿金获得途径.4二、生态环境损害赔偿金制度现状评析.5(一)生态环境损害赔偿金制度现状评析51.生态环境损害赔偿相关立法….52.生态环境损害赔偿金技术规范梳理.53.生态环境损害赔偿金规范性文件梳理6(二)生态环境损害赔偿金制度运行…61.生态环境损害赔偿金的来源.72.生态环境损害赔偿金的使用….73.生态环境损害赔偿金的管理与监督.7(三)生态环境损害赔偿金制度问题检视…81.生态环境损害赔偿金的使用和管理问题82.生态环境损害赔偿金计算标准混乱.93.生态环境损害赔偿社会化机制缺乏10三、生态环境损害赔偿金制度的域外考察.10(一)美国生态环境损害赔偿制度.101.生态环境损害赔偿基金制度.102.环境责任保险制度….11(二)欧盟生态环境损害赔偿制度11.欧盟《关于预防和补救环境损害的环境责任指令》.112.欧盟的生态环境损害评估制度…12（三)生态环境损害赔偿金的域外经验…12四、生态环境损害赔偿金制度完普路径.….13(一)完普生态环境损害赔偿金管理和使用制度.131完善赔偿金的管理制度…132.完善赔偿金使用制度.13(二)完善生态环境损害赔偿金认定制度14(三)完善生态环境损害赔偿经费保障制度.151.构建多元的资金来源制度.….152.构建资金来源的监督制度16结语.16参考文献….19摘要：生态环境损害赔偿金反映了责任人应承担的经济责任，可以从广义和狭义两个层面理解。广义上，它涵盖了恢复原状和赔偿损失所产生的所有赔偿金，即损害赔偿的收益。狭义上，它专指对生态环境损害的金钱赔偿，不包括修复费用，但涉及永久性损害的赔偿金。赔偿金的获取可以通过诉讼（如环境民事公益诉讼和生态环境损害赔偿诉讼)和非诉讼（如磋商、和解、调解）两种途径。随着《生态环境损害赔偿制度改革方案》的实施，我国一些省市已经制定了相关的资金管理办法，规定了赔偿金的来源、管理、使用范围和方式，为赔偿金的管理和使用提供了指导。然而，实践中仍面临一些问题，如赔偿金的使用和管理问题、赔偿金额的认定和计算标准的混乱，以及缺乏社会化机制等。这些问题可能源于制度不完善、改革时间短、经验不足以及前置条件多等因素。我国尚未形成科学的标准体系和可操作的鉴定制度，制度设计和衔接存在缺陷。为了解决这些问题，本文提出了以下完善路径：首先，针对实践中赔偿金使用和管理的问题提出改进建议；其次，分析生态环境损害的认定标准，确立损害的标准：最后，建立赔偿金的经费保障制度，包括多元化的资金来源和资源监督制度。这些建议旨在完善我国的生态环境损害赔偿金制度。关键词：生态环境损害赔偿金；资金管理；赔偿标准；损害赔偿：Abstract:The ecological and environmental damage compensation reflects the economicliability that the responsible party should bear,which can be understood from both broad andnarrow perspectives.Broadly,it includes all compensation for restoring the original state andcompensating for losses,that is,the proceeds from damage compensation.Narrowly,itspecifically refers to monetary compensation for ecological and environmental damage,excludingrestoration costs but including compensation for permanent damage.Compensation can beobtained through litigation (such as environmental public interest litigation and ecological andenvironmental damage compensation litigation)and non-litigation(such as negotiation,settlement,and mediation).With the implementation of the "Reform Plan for the Ecological andEnvironmental Damage Compensation System,"some provinces and cities in China haveformulated relevant fund management methods,specifying the sources,management,scope,andmethods of use of compensation,providing guidance for its management and use.However,practical issues remain,such as problems with the use and management of compensation,confusion over the determination and calculation standards for compensation amounts,and a lackof socialized mechanisms.These issues may stem from incomplete systems,a short period ofreform,insufficient experience,and multiple preconditions.China has not yet formed a scientificstandard system and an operable appraisal system,with defects in system design and coordination.To address these issues,this article proposes the following improvement paths:first,to offersuggestions for the problems in the use and management of compensation in practice;second,toanalyze the standard