城市空巢老人养老困境的研究

城市空巢老人养老困境的研究摘要随着我国经济、社会、文化的发展，人口老龄化突出严重。空巢老人养老问题逐渐在人们眼前呈现，越来越多的人意识到，养老问题已不再是单靠家庭就可以满足的。我国目前有三种养老模式，分别是传统的家庭养老、社区养老和机构养老。其中社区养老是最理想的方式。社区可以更好的满足年老者的需求，建立以社区为本、机构为辅助的养老模式。本文将以长治市W社区为研究对象，通过实地访谈以及调查问卷的方法进行研究。在老龄化的大背景下，针对社区内老年人存在身体机能衰弱、经济缺乏、精神需求、情感支持、医疗保障不足等问题，运用马斯洛需求层次理论对老年人的问题进行分析。通过社会工作的介入，以社区为平台，针对老年人的需求开展一系列活动，提供特殊服务满足老年人需求，同时，挖掘老年人的潜力，提供情感支持，让老年人愉快享受老年生活。关键词：城市空巢老人；社会工作；老年社会工作1Research on the Old-age Dilemma of Empty Nest Elderly inCitiesAbstractWith the development of economy,society and culture in China,the aging ofpopulation is serious.The problem of old-age care for empty nesters is graduallypresented to people,and more and more people realize that the problem of old-agecare can no longer be satisfied by families alone.At present,there are three modes ofproviding for the aged in China,namely,traditional family support,communitysupport and institutional support.Among them,community pension is the most idealway.The community can better meet the needs of the elderly and establish acommunity-based and institutional-assisted pension model.This paper will take W community in Changzhi City as the research object,andconduct research through field interviews and questionnaires.Under the backgroundof aging,in view of the problems of the elderly in the community,such as weakphysical function,lack of economy,spiritual needs,emotional support andinsufficient medical security,Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory is used to analyzethe problems of the elderly.Through the intervention of social work and taking thecommunity as a platform,we will carry out a series of activities aimed at the needsof the elderly,provide special services to meet the needs of the elderly,and at thesame time,tap the potential of the elderly,provide emotional support,and let theelderly enjoy their old age happily.Key words:Urban empty nesters;Social work;Social work for the elderly目录、绪论(一)研究背景及意义。1.研究背景2.现实意义3.理论意义…（二)相关概念…1.空巢老人2.养老困境….2（三)理论依据.….21.马斯洛需求层次理论.22.社区照顾理论..2(四)文献综述.2二、城市空巢老人的养老困境…3(一)W社区空巢老人基本情况…3(二)空巢老人的养老困境….31.经济问题.32.日常照料问题.43.精神慰籍及休闲娱乐需求.4(三)社区空巢老人养老困境的原因分析1.个人方面….52.家庭方面….53.社会方面5三、社会工作者介入城市空巢老人养老困境的实务过程….6(一)社会工作介入社区养老服务的优势.….61.具有专业的知识理论….62.具有科学化的方法.。.63.具有专业的队伍支撑….6(二)社会工作介入的方法.61.小组工作.62.评估与反思……10(三)社会工作介入的具体内容111.认知与情绪.112.经济保障.113.社会参与…4.宜居环境…(四)介入成效评估..11四、对城市空巢老人养老的建议.12(一)出台针对性的养老政策12(二)健全社区的老年活动设施12(三)转变空巢老人的养老观念….12(四)提高社工的知名度和认可度.13五、结语.13