商业银行不良资产处置法律风险及防范

摘要不良贷款是构成银行不良资产的主要组成部分。根据经济学分析，不良资产在经营过程中会直接对银行的经营成本、净资产、资本金等造成影响。大量的不良资产的堆积使得银行的资本质量直接降低，如果银行的资本金遇到被严重侵蚀的情况，将可能导致银行发生破产，更有甚者会造成一系列的连锁反应，让银行业面临巨额损失风险。目前，为了更有效地避免出现在处置银行不良资产的过程中的各种风险，我国相关的政府部门尝试在法律框架之中合理采取一系列的解决措施对其中可能产生的风险进行规避，与法律专家联合工作完善现阶段使用的银行不良资产的处置方法。然而在实际处理的过程中，银行不良资产的处置依然存在很多问题。比如，银行工作人员在处理不良资产时对自己的专业性盲目自信，使得处理不良资产的过程中存在问题：诉讼、拍卖变卖不良资产，以及债权转让等使得处置不良资产时会产生一定的法律风险。银行针对处置不良资产产生的法律风险的对策，必须从人才培养、司法建设、拍卖处置以及债权转让等内容着手，制定并完善相应的法律法规建设，以此加强相关人员的法律意识，从而降低商业银行不良资产操作处理过程中存在的的法律风险，最终实现降低资产损失。关键词：商业银行：不良资产处置：法律风险AbstractNon-performing loans are the main components of non-performingassets of banks.According to economic analysis,non-performing assetswill directly affect the operating cost,net assets,capital and so on.Theaccumulation of a large number of non-performing assets directly reducesthe quality of the bank's capital.If the bank's capital is seriously eroded,itmay lead to bank bankruptcy,and even a series of chain reactions.Thebanking industry faces a huge risk of loss.At present,in order to avoid all kinds of risks in the process ofdisposing of non-performing assets of banks more effectively,therelevant government departments in our country try to take a series ofreasonable measures to avoid the possible risks in the legal framework.Work with legal experts to improve the disposal of non-performing assets.However,there are still many problems in the disposal of non-performingassets.For example,bank staff deal with non-performing assets in theirown professional blind self-confidence,so that there are problems in theprocess of dealing with non-performing assets;litigation,auction and saleof non-performing assets,as well as the transfer of creditor's rights thatthe disposal of non-performing assets will have a certain legal risk.Inorder to strengthen the legal consciousness of the relevant personnel,thebank must start with the contents of talent training,judicial construction,auction disposal and creditor's rights transfer,so as to reduce the legalrisk in the operation and disposal of non-performing assets of commercialbanks,and finally reduce the loss of assets.Key words:commercial bank;disposal of non-performing assets;legalrisk河北录第1章引言.…1.1研究背景.........1.2研究意义........1.3研究方法.....1.4研究内容.…2第二章商业银行不良资产处置的现状及存在的问题.·32.1商业银行不良资产处置现状....2.2商业银行不良资产处置存在的问题...·……3第三章商业银行不良资产处置存在的法律风险..·53.1商业银行处理人员操作风险..3.2诉讼、执行中的法律风险...3.3资产拍卖变卖中的法律风险..........63.4债权转让中的法律风险....。…7第四章商业银行不良资产处置法律风险的防范对策.·84.1培养处置不良资产的专业人才，规避操作风险.84.2加强司法建设，加大诉讼清收力度........….843拍卖处置要合规合法，切实履行告知义务...94.4规范债权转让的操作程序，确保程序合规...........10结语.……11参考文献........12北金融学院