乡村振兴背景下农村厕所改造农户满意度影响因素研究

乡村振兴背景下农村厕所改造农户满意度影响因素研究摘要小厕所，大民生。当前我国要实现乡村振兴战略，必须做好农村厕改工作。虽然厕所改造工作已取得阶段性成效，但是在厕所改造过程中，出现终端使用者满意度低、设计缺陷、建设质量差、管理维护不到位、监督机制不健全等非预期问题。因此，聚焦厕所改造的非预期问题，从农村厕所改造农户满意度的视角出发，进一步探究农村公共服务能力问题，不仅具有理论意义，更具实践价值。已有文献大多是农村厕所改造现状、问题、对策的描述性研究，从农村厕所改造后的农户主观满意度角度去分析改厕效果影响因素没有引起研究者的充分注意。农户是厕所改造的参与者与使用者，本文以厕所改造农户满意度来表征农村厕所改造效果。进一步地，本文的研究问题是，影响农村厕所改造农户满意度的因素有哪些？以及如何提高农户满意度和改善农村厕所改造绩效？基于既往文献，本文梳理出影响厕所改造农户满意度的8个核心变量，即厕所结构、厕所配套设施、厕改的质效、政策支持、使用感知、后期维护、农户改厕成本、农户认知，据此构建了涵盖39个题项的指标体系，以云南省临沧市494户农民为研究对象，并利用结构方程模型进行分析。研究发现：改厕满意度的直接影响因素有六项，比如农民认知、厕所结构等。而其间接影响因素只有两项，一个是厕改成本：一个是政策支持情况。此次在以农村厕改效果为研究对象，以其影响因素为研究内容展开研究之时，发现国家政策并不是其唯一的影响因素，技术条件（厕所结构、厕所配套设施、厕改的质效)、治理条件（后期维护）和农户的心理因素（使用感知和农民认知）也会产生重要影响。这使相关的政策建议更具针对性：一是抓好农村厕所建设：二是完善农村厕所管护：三是加强农户思想认识。关键词：农村厕所改造：农户满意度：影响因素；结构方程；对策研究ABSTRACTSmall toilet,big people's livelihood.At present,in order to realize the strategy ofrural revitalization,we must do a good job in rural toilet reform.Although the toiletreconstruction has achieved phased results,unexpected problems such as low end-usersatisfaction,design defects,poor construction quality,inadequate management andmaintenance,and imperfect supervision mechanism have emerged in the process oftoilet reconstruction.Therefore,focusing on the unexpected problems of toilettransformation and further exploring the rural public service capacity from theperspective of farmers'satisfaction with rural toilet transformation is not only oftheoretical significance,but also of practical value.Most of the existing literature is descriptive research on the current situation,problems and Countermeasures of rural toilet transformation.Analyzing theinfluencing factors of toilet transformation effect from the perspective of farmers'subjective satisfaction after rural toilet transformation has not attracted the fullattention of researchers.Farmers are the participants and users of toilet transformation.This paper uses the satisfaction of farmers to characterize the effect of rural toilettransformation.Further,the research question of this paper is,what are the factorsaffecting farmers'satisfaction with the transformation of rural toilets?And how toimprove farmers'satisfaction and improve the performance of rural toiletreconstruction?Based on the previous literature,this paper sorts out eight core variables thataffect the satisfaction of farmers in toilet transformation,namely toilet structure,toiletsupporting facilities,quality and efficiency of toilet transformation,policy support,use perception,later maintenance,cost of toilet transformation and farmers'cognition.Based on this,an index system covering 39 items is constructed,taking 494 farmers inLincang City,Yunnan Province as the research object,The structural equation modelis used for analysis.The study found that there are six direct influencing factors oftoilet improvement satisfaction,such as farmers'cognition,toilet structure and so on.There are only two indirect factors,one is the cost of toilet reform;One is policysupport.This time,when taking the eff