双向FDI对绿色全要素生产率的影响

摘要摘要我国是世界发展迅速的国家之一，国家的发展离不开经济的发展。而我们国家的经济发展战略是大力发展绿色经济、实现创新科技新驱动。因此考虑绿色全要素的经济发展速率是衡量我国经济发展质量的重要标志。众多研究表明，双向FDI对绿色全要素生产率会产生影响，但影响效果和程度却结论不一。当前，我国已经打开对外开放的大门，FDI和OFDI的规模也在快速扩大，为了使双向FDI更好地推动国家绿色经济的发展，本文从我国双向FDI、绿色全要素生产率的发展现状出发，选取2008-2020年30个省市的面板数据为样本，首先运用DEA-Malmquist法对绿色全要素生产率进行测度，其次将GTFP分解为绿色技术进步和绿色技术效率两部分并将区域异质性考虑在内运用广义矩估计(GMM)方法进行实证检验。本文得出的主要结论如下：其一，2008-2020期间，总体绿色全要素生产率呈下降趋势。其中2008-2017年下降幅度呈逐年递增趋势，2017-2019年绿色全要素生产率保持平稳。其二，绿色全要素生产率表现出区域异质性，中西部绿色全要素生产效率下滑程度远大于东部地区。按省市来看，绿色全要素生产率表现为增长的省市仅有五个，按增长幅度由高到低排名依次为北京市、江苏省、浙江省、上海市、江西省。其三，FDI、OFDI整体上显著促进绿色全要素生产率。具体表现为FDI对绿色技术进步的影响系数为正但不显著，OFDI显著促进绿色技术进步，两者交互项起抑制作用：FDI显著促进绿色技术效率提高，O℉DI和交互项的影响系数都为正但不显著。其四，通过区域检验得到东部地区FDI对绿色全要素的影响不显著，OFDI在10%水平上促进绿色全要素生产率；中部FDI在5%水平上促进绿色全要素生产率，OFDI抑制绿色全要素生产率；西部FDI在10%水平上促进绿色全要素生产率，OFDI起正向影响但不显著。鉴于此，分别从绿色财政、外资引入、教育体制、研发投入、产业结构五个方面提出针对性的对策。关键词：双向FDI;绿色全要素生产率；DEA-Malmquist法；广义矩估计GMMAbstractAbstractChina is one of the countries with rapid development in the world.Nationaldevelopment is inseparable from economic development.Our country's economicdevelopment strategy is to vigorously develop the green economy and realize the newdriving force of innovation and science and technology.Therefore,considering theeconomic development rate of all green factors is an important symbol to measure thequality of China's economic development.Many studies have shown that two-wayFDI will have an impact on green total factor productivity,but the effect and degree ofimpact are different.At present,China has opened the door to the outside world,andthe scale of FDI and OFDI is also expanding rapidly.In order to make two-way FDIbetter promote the development of national green economy,starting from thedevelopment status of two-way FDI and green total factor productivity in China,thispaper selects the panel data of 30 provinces and cities from 2008 to 2020 as samples,and first uses DEA Malmquist method to measure green total factor productivity,Secondly,gtfp is divided into two parts:green technology progress and greentechnology efficiency.Taking regional heterogeneity into account,the generalizedmoment estimation(GMM)method is used for empirical test.The main conclusionsof this paper are as follows:first,during 2008-2020,the overall green total factorproductivity showed a downward trend.The decline from 2008 to 2017 showed anincreasing trend year by year,and the green total factor productivity remained stablefrom 2017 to 2019.Second,green total factor productivity shows regionalheterogeneity.The decline of green total factor productivity in the central and westernregions is much greater than that in the eastern region.In terms of provinces and cities,there are only five provinces and cities where green total factor productivity showsgrowth,and the ranking from high to low is Beijing,Jiangsu Province,ZhejiangProvince,Shanghai and Jiangxi Province.Third,FDI and OFDI significantly promotegreen total factor productivity as a whole.The specific performance is that theinfluence coefficient of FDI on green