影响减压塔真空度的因素分析及优化

影响减压搭真空度的因素分析及优化摘要随着石油化工的飞速发展，原油资源开始紧缺，价格不断上涨，其重质化、劣质化速度加快，石化企业加工劣质原油比例越来越高。受限于原油的二次加工能力，如何提高原油的利用率，已经成为石化行业的发展之重。作为原油常减压蒸馏处理的重要装置减压塔，合理控制减压塔真空度对提高原油利用率具有重要意义。本文根据原油常减压蒸馏工艺流程及减压塔抽真空系统的工作原理，结合山东某石化企业原油加工工程中减压塔工艺参数的实时数据，综合分析影响减压塔真空度的各因素，以及各因素影响减压塔真空度的程度。依据生产过程实时数据分析表明，真空泵效率不足、抽真空蒸汽压力低、进料温度过高、塔顶油气量大及管路积盐等因素严重影响减压塔真空度的稳定。在此基础上，结合实际生产需求，对减压炉出口温度设置DCS反馈调整和侧线管路不停工水洗等操作，优化减顶真空度的波动趋势，并对操作模式、工况和工艺操作参数等提出相应建议，从而优化影响因素，合理控制减压塔真空度。关键词：原油利用率：常减压蒸馏：减压塔：真空度IAbstractWith the rapid development of petrochemical industry,crude oil resources begin to be inshortage,its price keeps rising.The speed of oil heavy and inferior quality is accelerated.Theproportion of inferior crude oil processed by petrochemical enterprises is increasing.Limitedby the secondary processing capacity of crude oil,how to improve the utilization rate of crudeoil has become the pinch point of the petrochemical industry development.As the importantdevice in crude oil distillation unit,vacuum tower is of great significance for improving theutilization rate of crude oil by reasonably control the vacuum degree of vacuum tower.This paper is on the bases of the process flow of crude oil distillation unit and theworking principle of vacuum pumping system of vacuum tower,combined with the real-timedata of process parameters of vacuum tower in crude oil processing engineering of apetrochemical company in Shandong Province.the operation factors which affect vacuumdegree of vacuum tower were comprehensively analyzed and the affect degree of this factorswere also discussed at the same time.The analysis on the basis of the real-time data analysis of the production processindicated that insufficient vacuum pump efficiency,low vacuum steam pressure,high feedtemperature,the oil and gas amount on the top of the tower and the pipeline salt accumulationand other factors seriously affect the stability of the vacuum degree of the vacuum tower.Accordingly,combined with the actual production requirements,the followingoperations could be used.DCS feedback adjustment is set for controlling the outlettemperature of the vacuum furnace.Side line water is washed without stopping operations.The fluctuation trend of vacuum degree of top reduction is optimized.Further,the suggestionsare put forward for operation mode,working condition and process parameters.And then theinfluencing factors are optimized for reasonably controlling vacuum degree of vacuum tower.Key words:Utilization rate of crude oil;Crude oil distillation unit;Decompression tower;Vacuum degree目录】绪论…1.1研究背景…1.2研究意义…1.3本文的组织内容结构12常减压蒸馏.32.1常减压蒸馏技术研究现状.32.1.1国外研究现状.32.1.1国内研究现状.32.2常减压蒸馏的工艺原理2.3常减压蒸馏的工艺特点2.4常减压蒸馏工艺流程.62.3真空度.112.4抽真空系统.….122.5影响减压塔真空度因素的推论.133影响减压塔真空度的因素分析.143.1真空泵效率对真空度的影响…...143.2抽真空蒸汽压力对真空度的影响.153.3管路积盐对真空度的影响….173.4进料温度及塔顶出口温度对真空度的影响183.5塔顶油气量对真空度的影响..193.6其他因素对真空度的影响204影响减压塔真空度的因素优化..224.1保证管路的通畅性..224.2控制减压炉出口温度的平稳….224.3选取合适的操作模式、工况和抽真空系统.234.4工艺操作参数的及时调整.245结论与展望..25参考文献26致谢.….27m武汉科技大学本科华业论文1绪论1.1研究背景2023年2月16日，中国石油和化学工业联合会发布数据称，中国炼油产能已超过美