关于防卫限度问题的研究

关于防卫限度问题的研究摘要：正当防卫，作为一项鼓励公民积极维护自身以及他人合法权益，勇于与不法侵害行为作斗争的重要制度，自1979年刑法规定以来，由于防卫限度过于严苛以及界定不明确等问题，在刑事理论和司法实践中备受关注。随着我国法治社会的建设，公民法律意识的不断提升，对自身权利的保护更加重视，而作为公民一项重要的私立救济的正当防卫权力，也受到更广泛的关注我们都知道，要认定为正当防卫，通常要满足五个要件：起因要件、时间要件、主观要件、对象要件以及限度要件。然，一粒老鼠屎搅坏一锅粥，正是防卫限度这一要件的难以明确界定，使得正当防卫案件出现“唯结果论”“同案不同判”“审判结果与社会舆论两边倒”等一系列问题。对此，正当防卫限度的界定就显的尤为重要。基于当下我国正当防卫限度界定困难的现状，笔者通过分析我国对正当防卫案件的处理及国外相关理论学说，对明晰防卫限度问题提出几点建议：1、对正当防卫制度中诸如“明显”“重大”等模糊字眼出台相关司法解释；2、突破“理性第三人”的判断标准，从正当防卫案件的内外部以及法理层面对案件进行全方面分析：3、正确认识正当防卫的立法初衷，恰当防卫限度的认定要求。关键词：正当防卫：防卫限度：司法实践Research on the Limit of DefenseAbstract:As an important system to encourage citizens to actively safeguard their ownand others'legitimate rights and interests,and to dare to fight against illegal violations,justifiable defense has attracted much attention in criminal theory and judicial practice sincethe criminal law was enacted in 1979 due to the harsh defense limit and unclear definition.With the construction of the rule of law society in China and the continuous improvement ofcitizens'legal awareness,more attention has been paid to the protection of their own rights.As an important private relief for citizens,the right of self-defense has also received moreattention.As we all know,to be recognized as justifiable defense,five elements are usuallyrequired:causal element,time element,subjective element,object element and limit element.However,a piece of mouse dung spoils a pot of porridge.It is precisely because the defenselimit is difficult to clearly define,which causes a series of problems in justifiable defensecases,such as "outcome oriented","different judgments in the same case","trial results andpublic opinion are on both sides".In this regard,the definition of the limits of legitimatedefense is particularly important.Based on the current situation that it is difficult to define thelimits of justifiable defense in China,the author puts forward several suggestions onclarifying the limits of defense by analyzing the handling of justifiable defense cases in Chinaand relevant foreign theories:1.Issue relevant judicial interpretations of vague words such as"obvious"and "significant"in the justifiable defense system;2.Break through the judgmentstandard of"rational third person",and analyze the case from the internal and external aspectsas well as the legal level;3.Correctly understand the original intention of the legislation ofjustifiable defense and the identification requirements of the appropriate defense limit.Key words:justifiable defense;Defense limit;Judicial practice目录第1章绪论…1.1研究背景和意义1.1.1研究背景1.1.2研究意义…1.2文献综述…21.2.1国内研究.…21.2.2国外研究….31.3课题研究方法和内容1.3.1研究方法1.3.2研究内容…04第2章正当防卫限度的基础理论概述2.1正当防卫限度的基本内容….52.2正当防卫限度的特征..5第3章司法实践中认定正当防卫存在的主要问题.73.1司法审判中对防卫限度的理解存在偏差.73.1.1对正当防卫行为进行割裂评价.73.1.2过于注重结果导致“唯结果论”73.1.3对立法原理产生误解..83.2对防卫工具做对等性要求3.3从理性第三人的视觉看待问题8第4章防卫限度界定困难的原因.104.1相关法律的规定不明确…104.2看待危险的角度不同…10第5章提出完善我国正当防卫限度的建议…115.1准确理解防卫限度的实质.…115.1.1对于“明显超过必要限度”的理解115.1.2从总体上把握防卫限度…