上市公司财务风险管理问题研究——以京东集团为例

摘要企业经营的核心是财务管理。企业财务管理得如何会直接影响到企业的未来。因此，良好的财务运营和操作是企业发展的基础。在经济全球化、经济市场化的、经济环境复杂化的今天，上市公司面临的竞争压力越来越大。一方面，受经济周期的影响，上市公司容易面临盈利水平下滑、现金流量短缺等风险：另一方面，一些上市公司为了能够提高自己的市场竞争力，吸引投资者的目光，盲目地扩张规模和提高市场占有率。虽然近几年来上市公司的财务风险有所降低，但并不能完全消除。如果不及时地对财务风险进行管控，就会对企业的发展带来极大的负面影响。了解和应对上市公司的财务风险是保障公司稳健运行和发展的必要条件之一。因此，如何有效地管控和防范上市公司财务风险已经成为摆在现代企业面前的一个重要课题。上市公司财务风险是指在上市公司的财务活动中，可能会受到经济、市场环境和操作上的不利影响，从而导致公司经营出现异常波动或遭受重大损失的潜在风险。本文首先从企业财务风险管理的相关概念进行界定及理论分析，并以京东集团为例，探究其存在的财务风险问题，最后从完善财务管理系统、强化企业风险意识、加强财务活动地风险管理、采取适当地风险规避策略成本等方面来应对企业财务风险，为企业财务管理者的识别和规避财务风险。关键词：上市公司：财务风险：风险管理Research on Financial Risk Management of Listed Companie-s:Taking JD Group as an ExampleABSTRACTThe core of enterprise operation is financial management.How well a company managesits finances will directly affect its future.Therefore,good financial operations and operationsare the foundation of enterprise development.In today's era of economic globalization,market-oriented economy,and complex economic environment,listed companies are facingincreasing competitive pressure.On the one hand,affected by the business cycle,listedcompanies are prone to risks such as declining profitability and cash flow shortage;On theother hand,some listed companies blindly expand their scale and increase market share inorder to improve their market competitiveness and attract the attention of investors.Althoughthe financial risks of listed companies have decreased in recent years,they cannot becompletely eliminated.If financial risks are not controlled in a timely manner,it will have asignificant negative impact on the development of the enterprise.Understanding andresponding to the financial risks of listed companies is one of the necessary conditions toensure the stable operation and development of the company.Therefore,how to effectivelycontrol and prevent financial risks of listed companies has become an important issue in frontof modern enterprises.Financial risk of a listed company refers to the potential risk that thecompany's financial activities may be adversely affected by economic,market environment,and operational factors,resulting in abnormal fluctuations in its operations or significantlosses.This article first defines and theoretically analyzes the relevant concepts of enterprisefinancial risk management,and takes JD Group as an example to explore its existing financialrisk problems.Finally,it addresses enterprise financial risks from aspects such as improvingthe financial management system,strengthening enterprise risk awareness,strengthening riskmanagement of financial activities,and adopting appropriate risk avoidance strategies andcosts,in order to identify and avoid financial risks for enterprise financial managers.Keywords:Listed company:Financial risk:Risk management.一、引言(一)研究背景及意义1.研究背景现有的研究大部分着重于企业如何盈利，较少关注到企业的财务风险。事实上，因为企业所处的网络环境瞬息万变，关注财务风检难度较大，相对于传统企业研究的难度也比较大。目前对互联网财务风险的研究尚未形成理论体系，所以加强对企业财务风险管理的研究对理论研究具有重要的意义。2.研究意义财务风险评估是会计和管理领域的重要研究课题，国外上市公司财务风险评估研究相对成熟，使用的基本模型包括统计方法，多个线性危机模型和财务比率分析模型等。当前的财务风险评级系统主要针对董事会的主要