形状记忆合金驱动器的设计与实验分析

AbstractShape memory alloy (SMA)is an alloy with a certain initial shape at low temperatureby plastic deformation and fixed into another deformed,which can return to the initial statewhen heating to a critical temperature.Its prominent feature are shape memory effect(SME)and pseudo-elastic phase transition.Because of its ability of unifying perceptionand driving,SMA material/structure is able to perception,judgments,execution andadaptive capacity by heating and cooling.According to the research of literatures,ShapeMemory Alloy helical spring in the micro-robots,micro-drive systems and other fields willhave broad application prospects,because of its advantages of outputting a stronger power,longer driving distance.Therefore,to the research of SMA helical spring and SMA helicalspring actuator have certain significance for a wide applications of SMA.The main worksin this dissertation are as follows:1)Through collection to domestic and foreign research results,the characteristics ofthe SMA and the SMA Actuator were analyzed,and shape memory characteristics wereresearched both from macro aspect and micro aspect.2)Based on SMA One-dimensional constitutive model of Brinson and research resultsof others,and combined with ordinary spring formula.Mechanical equation of SMA springdrive components which include load,temperature and deformation was obtained.3)Based on the analysis of mechanical properties of SMA helical spring,andcompared its design.The design calculation processes of SMA cylindrical helical tensilespring and compression helical were given.4)Experimental apparatus which is used to testing the mechanical properties of SMAhelical spring was designed and fabricated.First,by way of electric heating,mechanicalproperties of NiTi-SMA spring tension and compression spring were analysedexperimentally;Second,the mechanical equation of SMA helical spring was simulated inMATLAB7.0,and compared with the experimental results.Then the correctness of themechanical equation was verified.5)By analyzing the driving characteristics of SMA helical spring and the actionprinciple of two-way SMA actuator were analysed,and the general design method ofelectric two-way SMA helical spring actuator was obtained.6)A linear electric SMA actuator was designed;its motion was analyzed,and its drive