基于三维激光扫描的桥梁监测方法研究

AbstractAbstractIn recent years,the progress of the 3D laser scanning technology is changing with eachpassing day.3D Laser Scanner is a crucial measurement tool in the Geodesy and Engineeringsurveying,and it is applied widely in the fields of medicine cultural relic protection civilengineering computer vision and traffic planning etc.As the technology of 3D laser scannerproducing and the software of data processing developed mature increasingly,using the system of3D laser scanning to deformation monitoring for the buildings side slope and diggings is veryimportant for the safe prediction and production guidance.In this paper,we use the techniques of3D laser scanning in the deformation monitoring of bridge.The main research content of thedissertation includes:(1)The recent backgrounds in the ways of data processing and deformation monitoringapplications of 3D laser scanning techniques are reviewed in detail,then proposes the mainresearch content and technical route.(2)The classification of terrestrial laser scanning system are introduced some of important3D laser scanner's performance index parameters are listed;The fundamental of three types oftypical 3D laser scanners based the Time of Flight range finder interferometry and lasertriangulation are introduced in the dissertation;The experiment instrument which is about TrimbleGXTM 3d laser scanning system is introduced including composition software function andsupport data formats.(3)The main influence factors of point cloud accuracy are detailed analysis,such as scanningdistance、angle、target reflector surface roughness、edge effects、laser beam and extemalenvironment etc are discussed,and then a method to improve access data quality is proposed in thedissertation.(4)The scheme of bridge deformation monitoring is designed which is how to use terrestrial3D laser scanning system,and the steps of get point cloud data acquisition is given.The pointcloud denoising coordinate transformation of feature points and point cloud registration arerealized through the programming and RealWorks Survey.(5)The bridge subsidence is analyzed by the method of fitting of surface,the experimentresults show that:the mathod can better to reflect the uneven settlement and surface relativechange of the bridges;The ICP registration algorithm is realized by programming and then thesurface deformation is extracted by the registration of two stage scanning data.The experimentresults show that this method can accurately extract surface tiny deformation of the bridge.Key words:3D laser scanning technology;bridge;point cloud data;deformation monitoring;surface fitting;ICP registration algorithm;