长城汽车股份有限公司营运资金管理存在的问题研究

长城汽车股份有限公司营运资金管理存在的问题研究摘要在汽车行业竞争加剧与新能源、智能化转型背景下，营运资金管理对车企可持续发展至关重要。本文以长城汽车2021-2025年财报数据为样本，运用文献研究、案例分析与定量分析法，结合营运资金管理相关理论，系统剖析其营运资金管理现状、问题及成因，并提出优化对策。研究表明，长城汽车营运资金规模先降后升，流动资产与流动负债同步增长，但存在流动资产周转不畅、流动负债结构不合理、营运资金与经营活动协同不足三大核心问题，导致资金效率偏低、短期偿债能力略有弱化。问题根源在于内部管理机制不完善、理念落后、信息化水平低，叠加行业竞争激烈、市场与融资环境波动等外部因素。据此，本文从优化应收与存货管理、改善负债结构、拓宽融资渠道、健全管理体系、强化部门协同、提升信息化水平等方面提出对策，以期提升长城汽车营运资金管理效率，增强企业竞争力，也为同类车企提供参考。关键词：资金管理；存货管理；融资环境；融资渠道AbstractAmidst the intensifying competition in the automotive industry andthe shift towards new energy and intelligent technologies,working capitalmanagement becomes paramount for the sustainable development ofautomobile companies.This paper utilizes financial report data fromGreat Wall Motor spanning 2021 to 2025 as a sample.By employingliterature review,case analysis,and quantitative analysis methods,andincorporating relevant theories on working capital management,itsystematically dissects the current state,issues,and underlying causes ofworking capital management at Great Wall Motor.It further proposesoptimization strategies.The research reveals that the scale of Great WallMotor's working capital initially decreased and then increased.Currentassets and current liabilities grew simultaneously.However,there existthree core issues:poor turnover of current assets,an unreasonablestructure of current liabilities,and insufficient synergy between workingcapital and business activities.These issues lead to low capital efficiencyand a slightly weakened short-term debt repayment capacity.The rootcauses of these problems lie in imperfect internal managementmechanisms,outdated concepts,and low levels of informatization.Theseissues are compounded by external factors such as fierce industrycompetition and fluctuations in the market and financing environment.Based on this,this paper proposes countermeasures from various aspects,including optimizing accounts receivable and inventory management,improving the structure of liabilities,broadening financing channels,strengthening the management system,enhancing departmentalcollaboration,and elevating the level of informatization.The aim is toenhance the efficiency of Great Wall Motor's working capitalmanagement,bolster the company's competitiveness,and provide areference for similar automobile companies.Keywords:fund management;inventory management;financing environment;financing channels目录引言…一、绪论二、营运资金管理相关理论基础........(一)营运资金的概念与构成.……12.1.1营运资金的核心定义..12.1.2营运资金的主要构成要素...22.1.3营运资金的核心特征...2(二)营运资金管理的目标与原则...。22.2.1营运资金管理的核心目标...2.2.2营运资金管理的基本原则..32.2.3营运资金管理的核心要求..3(三)营运资金管理的相关理论...·32.3.1营运资金持有量理论.....32.3.2营运资金周转理论.…。32.3.3营运资金融资理论.…4三、长城汽车股份有限公司营运资金管理现状分析…4(一）)长城汽车基本经营概况及数据选取说明..............·4(二)基于核心数据表的营运资金构成分析.....5(三)基于数据表的营运资金管理效率量化分析.·6四、长城汽车股份有限公司营运资金管理存在的问题.·7(一)流动资产周转不畅问题.......7(二)流动负债结构不合理及融资成本偏高问题.·8(三)营运资金与经营活动协同不足及管理体系不健全问题......10五、长城汽车股份有限公司营运资金管理问题产生的原因.·11(一)流动资产周转不畅问题的成因…11(二)流动负债结构不合理及融资成本偏高问题的成因.......12(三)营运资金与经营活动协同不足及管理体系不健全问题的成因.....12六、解决长城汽车股份有限公司营运资金管理问题的对策.·13