95步枪射击瞄准镜

摘要军事仪器中光学瞄准器的基本原理是：光学系统所成的图像与瞄准分划在两点上重合，当目标像与瞄准分划在分划板上相遇、重合时，最终以平行光的形式发射出来，因此在使用过程中，只需将眼睛保持在同一瞄准距离，即让人眼瞄准一个无限远的目标。同时，由于光学视觉的放大作用，能够极大地提高其客观瞄准性。随着科学技术的进步，瞄准装置在武器装备中具有极其重要的地位，为适应国防现代化建设的需要，发展光学瞄准器是我们应该不断深入研究的内容。本课题的意义重大，由于95式步枪在夜间射击时不易完成瞄准，所以就这一问题运用人眼生理学理论，寻找更加符合人眼视网膜感光的荧光材料。通过光学中的成像技术，对95式步枪的机瞄装置进行改进，提高其夜间射击的表现。随着科技的发展进步，瞄准装置在武器装置中是重中之重，为了满足国防现代化的需求，光学瞄准镜的发展是需要我们不断的去进行更加深入的研究学习的。本文依据现实需要设计了一款特殊瞄准镜，即透镜转像式长出瞳距军用瞄准镜光学系统。采用光学设计软件ZEAX设计实现了放大倍率为8倍，视场角为5°，出瞳距离为40mm,鉴别率：a<5’’的瞄准镜的光学系统设计。对外形尺寸进行了计算。在物镜组的设计中，推导了摄远型镜组、正场镜和对称式转像镜组的光焦度分配公式。在目镜的设计中，研究了长出瞳距目镜的结构形式和像差特点。最后对物镜组和目镜分别进行像质评价。完成的设计结果都满足使用目视光学仪器的相关要求。关键词：光学设计，瞄准镜，军事武器，步枪瞄准镜AbstractThe basic principle of the optical scope in military instruments is that the imageof the target and the aiming division made by the optical system coincide at twopoints,and because the target image and the aiming division meet and overlap on thedivision plate,and finally shoot out in the way of parallel light,therefore,in theprocess of use,just let the eye on the same sight distance,that is,let the human eyeaim at the infinity target.At the same time,because the optical sight has a magnifyingeffect,so it can greatly improve its aiming accuracy.With the development andprogress of science and technology,the aiming device is the most important in theweapon device,and in order to meet the needs of national defense modernization,thedevelopment of optical sights is something we need to keep going for more in-depthresearch and study.The significance of this project is to apply the theory of human eye physiologyto this problem and find a fluorescent material that is more compatible with the light-sensitive retina of the human eye,as the Type 95 rifle is not easy to complete theaiming during night shooting.Through imaging technology in optics,the Type 95rifle's machine sighting device is improved to enhance its night shooting performance.With the advancement of science and technology,aiming devices are of paramountimportance in weapon devices,and the development of optical sights is something weneed to study in greater depth in order to meet the demands of national defencemodernisation.In this paper,we design a special scope based on realistic needs,i.e.a lens-transfer type long exit pupil distance military scope optical system.The opticalsystem is designed using the optical design software ZEMAX to achieve amagnification of 8x,a field of view of 5,a pupil distance of 40mm and adiscrimination rate of a<5".Calculations were made for the form factor.In the designof the objective group,the equations for the distribution of optical focal lengths of thetelephoto-type group,the ortho-field mirror and the symmetrical transposition mirrorgroup are derived.In the design of the eyepieces,the structural form and aberrationcharacteristics of the long exit distance eyepieces are investigated.Finally,the imagequality of the objective group and the eyepiece are evaluated separately.The resultsof the completed designs all meet the requirements releva