高层建筑的火灾风险评估和防治对策研究—以长沙电信大楼为例

高层建筑的火灾风险评估和防治对策研究一一以长沙电信大楼主楼为例摘要十八大以后，随着我国经济迅速发展，大规模的城市化建设正在持续进行中，城市化质量和水平得到了明显改善，并且带动核心城市土地价格上涨，对房屋建筑物的需求大幅度增加，高层建筑在一定面积内增加可利用空间山四，故而大量高层建筑也应运而生。文章分析了引发高层建筑火灾的各种因素和火灾特点，并根据国内外火灾风险评估的现状，以长沙电信大楼为研究对象进行风险评价，最后提出该建筑的火灾防治对策。本论文的主要研究内容和结论有以下几个方面：(1)构建了高层建筑火灾风险结构模型，采用问卷调查以及文献调查法对导致高层建筑发生火灾的因素进行打分，确定了3个一级指标11个二级指标，用层次分析法分析该评估体系，使评估结果更科学全面。(2)采用层次分析法和评估模型，对长沙电信大楼做出了评价。确定了风险评估指标的权重，通过对指标权重的分析，得出各风险等级的大小排序。(3)针对高层建筑，提出火灾防治对策。对建筑灭火能力、建筑防火能力、消防及安全管理、三个方面提出防治对策。关键词：高层建筑火灾，火灾风险评估，层次分析，防治对策Research on Fire Risk Assessment andPrevention Measures for High rise BuildingsAbstractAfter the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,with the rapiddevelopment of China's economy and the continuous construction of large-scaleurbanization,the quality and level of urbanization have been significantly improved,and it has driven up land prices in core cities.The demand for housing and buildings hassignificantly increased,and high-rise buildings have added usable space within a certainarea.Therefore,a large number of high-rise buildings have also emerged.This article analyzes the factors and characteristics that cause high-rise buildingfires.It also conducts a risk assessment of Changsha Telecom Building,and finallyproposes fire prevention and control measures for high-rise buildings.The mainresearch content and conclusions of this article are as follows:(1)A fire risk structural model for high-rise buildings was constructed,and thefactors leading to high-rise building fires were scored using questionnaire surveys andliterature surveys.Three first level indicators and eight second level indicators weredetermined.The evaluation system was analyzed using Analytic Hierarchy Process tomake the evaluation results more scientifically comprehensive.(2)Evaluate the Changsha Telecom Building using Analytic Hierarchy Process andevaluation models.Determine the weight of risk assessment indicators.By analyzingthe weight of the indicators to get the ranking of each risk level.(3)Propose fire prevention and control measures for high-rise buildings.Proposeprevention and control measures for building fire extinguishing capacity,building fireprevention capacity,fire and safety management,and incomplete fire equipment.Key words:high rise buildings,fire risk assessment,AHP,prevention countermeasure目录中文摘要英文摘要.................1前言1.1问题的提出…1.2研究意义1.2.1为建筑物性能化防火设计提供依据1.2.2建筑火灾保险金额、保险费率确定的依据1.3国内外研究现状.21.3.1国外研究现状….21.3.2国内研究现状31.4本文研究的目的及主要内容41.4.1本文研究目的.41.4.2主要内容42高层建筑火灾，2.1高层建筑的定义及分类.52.1.1高层建筑的定义….52.1.2高层建筑的分类.…。2.2高层建筑火灾致因分析….622.1电器故障..62.2.2违章作业2.2.3吸烟.723高层建筑火灾特点.72.3.1火势蔓延快、蔓延途径多.823.2人员疏散困难….8233火灾扑救难度大..83火灾风险评估93.1火灾风险分析法..93.1.1定性分析法..93.1.2半定量分析方法.93.1.3定量分析法.…93.2层次分析法理论….10