学前教育专业学生就业焦虑对就业力的影响—成就目标定向的调节作用

【摘要】就业问题一直是一个十分重要的问题，而近几年的新冠疫情使本就己经压力重重的就业市场的状况变得更为严峻，这给大学生就业带来了更多的困难与挑战。在这样的背景下，职前阶段的学前教育专业的大学生在平日的学习生活中可能会存在着一些焦虑的心理，也会在学习以及实践方面存在着问题，这些因素可能都会对学前教育专业学生的就业力产生影响。目前关于大学生就业力的研究大多是研究其构成要素、影响因素以及就业力的提升策略等方面。根据以往的研究分析，大学生的就业焦虑对就业力可能存在一定的影响。目前关于就业焦虑和就业力的研究尚未有一个固定的结论，因此本研究根据以往研究中这二者的关联性采用问卷调查法来探索就业焦虑对就业力有何影响，并分析成就目标定向这一变量在就业焦虑对就业力的影响中的调节作用。本研究以225名学前教育专业学生为研究对象，采用《大学毕业生就业焦虑问卷》《学前教育专业学生就业力量表》《成就目标定向问卷》为研究工具，使用SPSS20.0对所收集的数据进行共同方法偏差检验、描述性统计分析、独立样本t检验、单因素方差分析、相关分析、回归分析和调节效应检验等统计方法处理后，得出如下研究结果：(1)学前教育专业学生就业焦虑、就业力和成就目标定向在人口学变量上差异显著：(2)学前教育专业学生就业焦虑与学前教育专业学生就业力之间呈显著负相关：(3)学前教育专业学生就业焦虑对学前教育专业学生就业力有显著负向预测作用，学前教育专业学生就业焦虑情绪越严重，其就业力越差：(4)学前教育专业学生成就目标定向对学前教育专业学生就业力有显著正向预测作用，学前教育专业学生成就目标定向越好，其就业力越好：(5)学前教育专业学生在就业焦虑、就业力及成就目标定向上的不同表现可划分为“趑趄退缩型”“直面现实型”“得心应手型”：(6)成就目标定向在就业焦虑对学前教育专业学生就业力的影响中起调节作用，主要表现为：成就目标定向的两个维度负调节就业焦虑主观维度对学前教育专业学生就业力的影响本研究在一定程度上丰富了就业焦虑对于学前教育专业学生就业力的影响机制的研究。根据以上研究结果，本研究对于如何提高学前教育专业学生就业力提出以下建议：(1)外部给予支持，内部调整优化：(2)明确自身定位，注重取长补短。【关键词】：就业焦虑、学前教育专业学生就业力、成就目标定向、学前教育专业学生I【Abstract】Employment has always been a very important issue,and the new crown epidemic in recent years hasmade the already stressed job market more severe,which has brought more difficulties and challenges tothe employment of college students.In this context,pre-vocational college students majoring in preschooleducation may have some anxiety in their daily study life,and there will also be problems in leaming andpractice,which may have an impact on the employability of preschool education students.At present,most of the research on the employability of college students is to study its components,influencing factors and strategies for improving employability.According to previous research analysis,college students'employment anxiety may have a certain impact on employability.At present,the researchon employment anxiety and employability has not reached a fixed conclusion,so this study uses thequestionnaire method to explore the effect of employment anxiety on employability based on thecorrelation between the two in previous studies,and analyzes the moderating effect of achievement goalorientation on the effect of employment anxiety on employability.In this study,225 preschool education students were taken as the research subjects,and the followingresults were obtained after using "Employment Anxiety Questionnaire for College Graduates","Employment Force Table of Preschool Education Students"and "Achievement Target OrientationQuestionnaire"as research tools,and SPSS20.0 was used to process the collected data by statisticalmethods such as common method bias test,descriptive statistical analysis,independent sample t-test.one-way ANOVA,correlation analysis,regression analysis and moderating effect test:(1)The employment anxiety,employability and achievement goal orientation of preschool educationstudents differed significantly in demographic variables;(2)There was a significant negative correlationbetween the employment anxiety of preschool education students and the employability of preschooledu