欧盟补贴新规

摘要2022年11月28日，欧盟理事会批准了《关于扭曲欧盟内部市场的外国政府补贴条例》。条例预计于2023年年中实施，实施后条例中的制度将成为继经营者集中审查、外商投资审查后，中国公司在欧洲开展经营以及投资活动需应对的一项新挑战。通过他们提出的“欧洲议会和理事会关于扭曲内部市场的外国补贴的条例”，减少对中国经济的依赖性。欧盟希望减少对六个战略领域的依赖，包括原材料、半导体、电池、云和边缘技术元素以及医药成分。除了欧盟经常从台湾地区和韩国获得的半导体之外，这些产品中超过一半来自中国。这一战略与欧盟个别成员的持续做法相一致，以使其贸易模式和对中国的依赖性多样化。该委员会的措施涉及整合一个新的工具，以减少对137种进口产品的依赖，而这些产品是该经济区块深深依赖的。此外，减少从中国进口的措施还包括通过依赖不同的贸易伙伴关系、储存以及在可能和必要时采取独立行动来实现供应和需求的多样化。欧盟议会已将《关于扭曲欧盟内部市场的外国政府补贴条例》描述为一种机制，以整合针对中国的工具。本文采用文献研究法和量化数据研究法，首先介绍了欧盟补贴新规的颁布背景和意义，然后分析了欧盟补贴新规主要内容以及其显著特点，指出了欧盟补贴新规执行给中国企业在欧盟成员投资可能遇到的问题，基于此提出中国企业应对欧盟补贴新规潜在影响的对策建议。关键词：欧盟补贴新规：中国企业对外直接投资：影响ABSTRACTOn 28 November 2022,the Council of the European Union approved theRegulation on Foreign Government Subsidies distorting the EU Internal Market.Theregulations,which are expected to be implemented in mid-2023,will be a newchallenge for Chinese companies operating and investing in Europe,following thereview of business concentration and foreign investment.Reduce dependence on theChinese economy through their proposed "Regulation of the European Parliament andof the Council on Foreign Subsidies that distort the internal market".The EU wants toreduce its dependence on six strategic areas,including raw materials,semiconductors,batteries,cloud and edge technology elements,and pharmaceutical components.Morethan half of these products come from China,with the exception of semiconductors,which the EU often gets from Taiwan and South Korea.This strategy is consistentwith the ongoing practice of individual EU members to diversify their trade patternsand dependence on China.The committee's measures involve integrating a new tool toreduce dependence on 137 imported products on which the economic block is deeplydependent.In addition,measures to reduce imports from China also includediversifying supply and demand by relying on different trading partnerships,stockpiling and,where possible and necessary,taking independent action.The EUParliament has described the Regulation on Foreign Government Subsidies distortingthe EU internal market as a mechanism to consolidate instruments against China.This paper adopts the literature research method and quantitative data researchmethod,firstly introduces the background and significance of the promulgation of thenew EU subsidies regulation,then analyzes the main content and its significantcharacteristics of the new EU subsidies regulation,points out the implementation ofthe new EU subsidies regulation for Chinese enterprises to invest in the EU memberstates may encounter problems,based on this,proposes countermeasures andsuggestions for Chinese enterprises to deal with the potential impact of the new EUsubsidies regulation.Key words:New EU rules on subsidies;OFDI by Chinese enterprises;Influence目录引言…一、研究相关的理论概述(一)国际直接投资理论(二)制度因素对国际直接投资的影响44444444444444二、中国企业对欧盟投资的发展现状分析3(一)整体规模情况…3(二)行业分布特征…4(三)投资主体所有制特征…三、欧盟补贴新规的背景、内容与特征6(一)欧盟补贴新规出台的背景分析.6(二)欧盟补贴新规的主要内容解析7四、欧盟补贴新规对中国企业在欧投资的影响8(一)中国企业对外投资受限9(二)造成负面示范效应，破坏稳定的投资环境.…9五、在欧投资的中国企业应对欧盟补贴新规潜在影响的对策建议.10